Polyurethane foams which are highly flame resistant are described, as well as the production of such polyurethane foams by the reaction between a natural polyol, such as sucrose or a blend of mono- or disaccharides in place of the standard hydrocarbon-based polyol component, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable polyurethane forming catalyst and a flame retardant, and optionally one or more components such as surfactants and/or emulsifiers. The resultant polyurethane foam has a bio-based solid content ranging from about 17% to 30%, may be formulated in a variety of foam densities for a variety of applications, and exhibits a high degree of fire and burn resistance, as exhibited by the flame spread index and the smoke spread values.

The invention relates to a method for producing polyether carbonate polyols, (i) one or more alkylene oxide(s) and carbon dioxide being added to one or more H-functional starter substance(s) in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst or in the presence of a metal complex catalyst based on the metals zinc and/or cobalt, a reaction mixture containing the polyether carbonate polyol being obtained, characterized in that (ii) at least one component K is added to the obtained reaction mixture containing the polyether carbonate polyol, wherein component K is selected from at least one compound that contains a phosphorus-oxygen bond or a compound of phosphorus that can form one or more P—O bonds by reaction with OH-functional compounds.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a polymer material filled composite element, comprising the steps of: i) providing a partially closed space, wherein a polyurethane foam is disposed at least at part of the periphery of the space to restrain the flow of the polymer material resin, and the polyurethane foam is formed by in situ application of a polyurethane composition and has an air flow value of greater than 1 L/min as determined by ASTM D3574 test; ii) applying the polymer material resin into the space and curing the polymer material resin to form a polymer material that fills the space.

A reaction system for forming a polyurethane foam includes an isocyanate component that has at least one isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive component that is a mixture formed by adding at least a polyol component, an additive component, and a preformed aqueous polymer dispersion. The mixture includes, based on the total weight of the mixture, from 50.0 wt % to 99.8 wt % of a polyol component including at least one polyether polyol, from 0.1 wt % to 50.0 wt % of an additive component including at least one catalyst, and from 0.1 wt % to 6.0 wt % of a preformed aqueous polymer dispersion. The preformed aqueous polymer dispersion has a solids content from 10 wt % to 80 wt %, based on the total weight of the preformed aqueous polymer dispersion, and is one of an aqueous acid polymer dispersion or an aqueous acid modified polyolefin polymer dispersion in which the polyolefin is derived from at least one C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 alpha-olefin.

Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam insulation described herein is derived from a composition that contains an organic polyisocyanate, an isocyanate reactive material containing at least about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an aromatic polyester polyol, a hydrocarbon blowing agent, a first catalyst selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate salt of an alkali metal, a carboxylate salt of an alkaline earth metal, a carboxylate salt of a quaternary ammonium, and combinations thereof, and a second catalyst comprising a non-reactive tertiary amine, wherein a molar ratio of the first catalyst to the second catalyst is less than about 1.25, the composition gels quickly, and the composition has an isocyanate index greater than about 175. Such an insulating foam has a ratio of thermal conductivity at 75° F. to thermal conductivity at 25° F. between about 0.98 and about 1.10.

Disclosed is a moisture reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesive composition that can be applied to substrates at a low coating weight even at application temperatures as low as 60 to 95° C. while retaining the advantageous high tack, green strength, cured bond strength and toughness of conventional high melting point polyurethane hot melt adhesives.

A molded flexible polyurethane foam having a hardness gradient going from soft to hard from the top to the bottom of the foam. The hardness gradient in the foam is a result of a foam elasticity gradient which arises from a polymer elasticity gradient and/or density gradient. A method for producing a flexible foam having a hardness gradient and a reactive mixture suitable for making said flexible foam is disclosed. Furthermore, the use of the flexible foams having a hardness gradient in matrasses, cushions for seating (more in particular for use in automotive seating), furniture, automotive under-carpets and dash insulators is disclosed.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards formulated polyol compositions that include a sucrose propoxylated polyol, a polyether triol, and a propoxylated homopolymer triol.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards foam formulations that include a high functionality polyether polyol, an aromatic polyether polyol, an amine initiated aliphatic polyether polyol, and a diol.

This disclosure generally provides compositions with improved flammability resistance and processes for preparing these compositions, wherein the resin composition comprising: (a) a polyfunctional isocyanate; (b) an isocyanate reactive composition comprising (b1) a polyfunctional polyol and a catalyst composition; and/or (b2) a polyfunctional amine; and (c) a benzoxazine component solved in the resin composition.