The present invention relates to a compound obtained by a process comprising the following steps: (i) Reacting at least one isocyanate containing compound, in stoichiometric excess, with at least one isocyanate-reactive compound having a number average molecular weight equal to or higher than 400, resulting in the formation of at least one prepolymer having soft blocks and hard blocks in its structure, which prepolymer contains unreacted isocyanate monomer, (ii) Reacting said at least one prepolymer with a hydroxyl-ester compound or a hydroxyl-acid compound with the formation of hydroxyl-ester terminated prepolymer or hydroxyl-acid terminated prepolymer, and Ring-closing said hydroxyl-ester terminated prepolymer or hydroxyl-acid terminated prepolymer; (iii) Formation of said compound made of oxazolidinedione-terminated prepolymer and oxazolidinedione-terminated monomer, which is soluble in said oxazolidinedione-terminated prepolymer.

The present invention relates to a compound obtained by a process comprising the following steps: (i) Reacting at least one isocyanate containing compound, in stoichiometric excess, with at least one isocyanate-reactive compound having a number average molecular weight equal to or higher than 400, resulting in the formation of at least one prepolymer having soft blocks and hard blocks in its structure, which prepolymer contains unreacted isocyanate monomer, (ii) Reacting said at least one prepolymer with a hydroxyl-ester compound or a hydroxyl-acid compound with the formation of hydroxyl-ester terminated prepolymer or hydroxyl-acid terminated prepolymer, and Ring-closing said hydroxyl-ester terminated prepolymer or hydroxyl-acid terminated prepolymer; (iii) Formation of said compound made of oxazolidinedione-terminated prepolymer and oxazolidinedione-terminated monomer, which is soluble in said oxazolidinedione-terminated prepolymer.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a 4-hydroxybutyrate pathway and being capable of producing 4-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the microbial organism comprises one or more genetic modifications. The invention additionally provides methods of producing 4-hydroxybutyrate or related products using the microbial organisms.

The present disclosure provides dual curable compositions having both radiation curing and shadow curing mechanisms. The compositions comprise silicon-organic hybrid polymers having rapid shadow curing by a 2 part isocyanate-polyol reaction and/or a 2 part cyclic carbonate-amine reaction. The compositions can be used as adhesives or coatings. The use of the compositions according to the disclosure is particularly preferred for use in electro-optical components especially for automobile display adhesives applications.

The present disclosure provides dual curable compositions having both radiation curing and shadow curing mechanisms. The compositions comprise silicon-organic hybrid polymers having rapid shadow curing by a 2 part isocyanate-polyol reaction and/or a 2 part cyclic carbonate-amine reaction. The compositions can be used as adhesives or coatings. The use of the compositions according to the disclosure is particularly preferred for use in electro-optical components especially for automobile display adhesives applications.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is suppressed in occurrence of fogging and is excellent in abrasion resistance. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member, an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a polymerized product of a composition comprising at least a polyrotaxane and a monomer having a polymerizable reactive group, and a chain molecule of the polyrotaxane has two blocking groups at both terminals thereof, and a (meth)acryloyloxy group of a cyclic molecule of the polyrotaxane forms a bond.

An alternative polyurethane composition is provided which comprises a reaction product of an azidated polyol and a poly(alkynyl carbamate) prepolymer, wherein reaction occurs at a temperature of from 20° C. to 200° C., optionally in the presence of a Cu.sup.I-containing catalyst and wherein the poly(alkynyl carbamate) prepolymer comprises a reaction product of a polyisocyanate, an alkynol, and a glycol ether, wherein from 1 mol % to 33 mol % of isocyanate groups are reacted with glycol ether and the remaining isocyanate groups are reacted with the alkynol. The inclusion of glycol ethers into the polyisocyanate chain of the poly(alkynyl carbamate) prepolymer at a level of from 1 mol % to 33 mol %, is efficient in reducing the viscosity of the composition without compromising its performance in coatings, adhesives, sealants, films, elastomers, castings, foams, and composites made with the inventive alternative polyurethane compositions.

The present invention relates to urethane (meth)acrylates comprising residual isocyanate groups which are obtained from the reaction of: a) at least one di- or poly-isocyanate, and b) at least one hydroxyl-functional (meth)acrylic acid ester of at least one polymer chain which comprises: at least one (meth)acryloyl group, at least one free hydroxyl group and at least one polymer chain, wherein the equivalent ratio of OH groups to NCO groups is 0.05:1 to 0.66:1, a process for preparing thereof and their use in radiation-curable coating composition.

The present invention relates to urethane (meth)acrylates comprising residual isocyanate groups which are obtained from the reaction of: a) at least one di- or poly-isocyanate, and b) at least one hydroxyl-functional (meth)acrylic acid ester of at least one polymer chain which comprises: at least one (meth)acryloyl group, at least one free hydroxyl group and at least one polymer chain, wherein the equivalent ratio of OH groups to NCO groups is 0.05:1 to 0.66:1, a process for preparing thereof and their use in radiation-curable coating composition.

A hydroxy functional alkyl carbamate is disclosed having the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein R comprises a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.36 alkyl group, an aromatic group, and/or a polymeric moiety; wherein each R.sub.1 is independently a hydrogen, alkyl having at least 1 carbon, or a hydroxy functional alkyl having 2 or more carbons and at least one R.sub.1 is a hydroxy functional alkyl having 2 or more carbons; and n is 2-6. The present invention is also directed to a composition, and substrates coated therewith, comprising a film-forming resin; and a hydroxy functional alkyl carbamate crosslinker having the formula shown above. Other hydroxy functional alkyl carbamate compounds, polymers made with the same, and compositions comprising the same are also disclosed as are substrates coated at least in part with or formed with any of the compositions described herein.