A functionalized flame-retardant aconitic acid-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a functionalized flame-retardant aconitic acid-derived molecule are disclosed. The functionalized flame-retardant aconitic acid-derived molecule can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with allyl functional groups, epoxy functional groups, propylene carbonate functional groups, or functionalized thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting an aconitic acid derivative with a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form a functionalized flame-retardant aconitic acid-derived molecule, and combining the functionalized flame-retardant aconitic acid-derived molecule with a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be a resin, plastic, polymer, or adhesive, and the article of manufacture can further comprise an electronic component.

A block copolymer of the formula R.sub.f-PEG-PAA is disclosed, where R.sub.f comprises a perfluoroalkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms, bound to an ether oxygen atom directly or through a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, PEG is a poly(alkylene glycol) unit having a weight average molecular weight or number average molecular weight of from 1 to 20 kDa, and PAA is one or more poly([meth]acrylic acid) units having a total weight average molecular weight or number average molecular weight of from 0.3 to 10 kDa. A polymer mixture including the block copolymer, a co-hydrogel and a drug delivery vehicle including the polymer mixture, and methods of synthesizing the block copolymer, forming a sol-gel two-phase co-hydrogel, forming a drug delivery vehicle, and delivering a drug to a patient in need thereof are also disclosed.

Disclosed are implantable glucose sensors having a biostable surface. The implantable glucose sensor includes a glucose detector and an enclosure defining a boundary between an internal space and an external space. The enclosure includes a semipermeable biointerface film containing a base polymer and a biostabilizing additive. The semipermeable biointerface film has a biostable surface and is permeable to glucose. The working electrode is disposed inside the internal space, and the biostable surface faces the external space or faces both the internal and the external spaces. Also disclosed are methods of preparation of the semipermeable biointerface films adapted for use in the implantable glucose sensors. Further, disclosed are methods of monitoring glucose levels in a subject through the use of an implantable glucose sensor. The implantable glucose sensor may be an implantable electrochemical glucose sensor, in which the glucose detector is a working electrode. Alternatively, the implantable glucose sensor may be an implantable optical glucose sensor, in which the glucose detector is a glucose recognition element including a glucose-binding fluorophore.

Disclosed are implantable glucose sensors having a biostable surface. The implantable glucose sensor includes a glucose detector and an enclosure defining a boundary between an internal space and an external space. The enclosure includes a semipermeable biointerface film containing a base polymer and a biostabilizing additive. The semipermeable biointerface film has a biostable surface and is permeable to glucose. The working electrode is disposed inside the internal space, and the biostable surface faces the external space or faces both the internal and the external spaces. Also disclosed are methods of preparation of the semipermeable biointerface films adapted for use in the implantable glucose sensors. Further, disclosed are methods of monitoring glucose levels in a subject through the use of an implantable glucose sensor. The implantable glucose sensor may be an implantable electrochemical glucose sensor, in which the glucose detector is a working electrode. Alternatively, the implantable glucose sensor may be an implantable optical glucose sensor, in which the glucose detector is a glucose recognition element including a glucose-binding fluorophore.

The invention relates to a compound prepared by (i) reacting (a) at least one compound selected from diisocyanate, polyisocyanate, or mixture thereof; (b) at least one isocyanate-reactive compound selected from a fluorinated alcohol; a cyclic or acyclic sugar alcohol which is substituted with at least one R.sup.1, C(O)R.sup.1, (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.n(CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2O).sub.mR.sup.2, (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.n(CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2O).sub.mC(0)R.sup.1, or mixtures thereof; or mixtures of a fluorinated alcohol and a substituted cyclic or acyclic sugar alcohol; and (c) at least one isocyanate-reactive ethylenically unsaturated compound; wherein each n is independently 0 to 20; each m is independently 0 to 20; m+n is greater than 0; each R.sup.1 is independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 29 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond; each R.sup.2 is independently H, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond, or mixtures thereof; and (ii) reacting the reaction product of step (i) with a bisulfate source.

Disclosed are a process of producing a polyurethane foam product, a polyurethane foam product pre-mix, polyurethane foam product formulation, and a polyurethane foam product. The process of producing the polyurethane foam product includes contacting a halohydrin component with a polyurethane foam product pre-mix. The polyurethane foam product pre-mix includes the halohydrin component. The polyurethane foam product formulation includes a polyol component, an isocyanate component, and a halohydrin component. The polyurethane foam product is formed by the pre-mix having the halohydrin component.

A fluorochemical composition that includes one or more fluorochemical urethane compounds, a method of treating a substrate (e.g., a method for imparting water and oil repellency and antisoiling characteristics to a substrate), and an article having a fluorochemical composition coating thereon

Disclosed herein are biopolymer-based biocidal coatings. The coatings have excellent antimicrobial and antifungal properties, and retain their activity over substantially prolonged periods of time.

The invention relates to a compound prepared by (i) reacting (a) at least one compound selected from diisocyanate, polyisocyanate, or mixture thereof; (b) at least one isocyanate-reactive compound selected from a fluorinated alcohol; a cyclic or acyclic sugar alcohol which is substituted with at least one R.sup.1, C(O)R.sup.1, (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.n(CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2O).sub.mR.sup.2, (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.n(CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2O).sub.mC(O)R.sup.1, or mixtures thereof; or mixtures of a fluorinated alcohol and a substituted cyclic or acyclic sugar alcohol; and (c) at least one isocyanate-reactive ethylenically unsaturated compound; wherein each n is independently 0 to 20; each m is independently 0 to 20; m+n is greater than 0; each R.sup.1 is independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 29 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond; each R.sup.2 is independently H, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond, or mixtures thereof; and (ii) reacting the reaction product of step (i) with a bisulfate source.

The present invention provides fluorinated compounds as well as dispersions of the fluorinated compounds. The fluorinated compounds described herein, in some embodiments, can be applied substrates such as textiles, including carpet and other floor coverings.