Derivatized polyvinyl alcohols and methods for forming derivatized polyvinyl alcohols are described. Methods include incubating a polyvinyl alcohol with a derivatizing agent that includes an isothiocyanate group, upon which the isothiocyanate can spontaneously react with alcohol groups of the polyvinyl alcohol. Functionalization can include addition of detectable labels and/or active groups the polyvinyl alcohol. Derivatized materials can be used in forming products, e.g., particles, films, fibers, that include the added functionality at a surface.

The present invention generally relates to polyurethanes and polyurethane nanocomposites having improved mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties over ordinarily produced polyurethanes and polyurethane nanocomposites. Such polyurethanes and polyurethane nanocomposites include very small amounts of a small chain diol, such as glycerol, and more specifically, between 0.01 and 4 weight percent of the small chain diol, based on the total polymer composition.

An object of the present invention is to provide a golf ball having improved spin performance on wedge shots under a wet condition such as rain by controlling the formulation of the paint film. The present invention provides a golf ball comprising a golf ball body and a paint film covering the golf ball body, wherein the paint film contains a base resin and a porous filler, and the porous filler contains SiO.sub.2 as a constituent in an amount of 50 mass % or more.

An object of the present invention is to provide a golf ball having improved spin performance on wedge shots under a wet condition such as rain by controlling the formulation of the paint film. The present invention provides a golf ball comprising a golf ball body and a paint film covering the golf ball body, wherein the paint film contains a base resin and a porous filler, and the porous filler contains SiO.sub.2 as a constituent in an amount of 50 mass % or more.

In an embodiment, a composition comprises a plurality of reactive particles; wherein at least a first portion of the reactive particles comprises a first reactive monomer located in a first matrix polymer; wherein the first reactive monomer comprises a self-reactive monomer or wherein the first reactive monomer can polymerize with a second reactive monomer located in a second matrix polymer of a second portion of the reactive particles to form a coating polymer. In another embodiment, a method of making the plurality of reactive particles, comprises polymerizing a first matrix monomer in the presence of the first reactive monomer; or polymerizing the first matrix monomer to form a plurality of particles and swelling the plurality of particles with the first reactive monomer. In another embodiment, a method comprises cold spraying the plurality of reactive particles.

A golf ball includes a main body and a paint layer positioned outside the main body. The paint layer includes an inner layer and an outer layer positioned outside the inner layer. When an indentation depth (nm) is measured on a cross-section along a plane passing through a central point of the golf ball when a force of 30 mgf is applied to the cross-section in a direction perpendicular to the cross-section, an indentation depth Di on a cross-section of the inner layer is smaller than an indentation depth Do on a cross-section of the outer layer. A thickness To of the outer layer is larger than a thickness Ti of the inner layer.

A resin formulation that can be cured thermally or by light, where the cured resin is an amorphous, thermoset polymer.

A coating material for producing a barrier layer on a plastic substrate includes an isocyanate-containing hardener component and a hydroxy-functional binder component. The hydroxy-functional binder component includes an aqueous polymer dispersion which includes a polyphenylene ether or a copolymer of fluorinated ethylene and a vinyl ether, glass hollow bodies, and at least one of an inorganic filler and an inorganic pigment.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing a polyurethane resin, metal oxide particles, a silane coupling agent, and a compound represented by General Formula (ID); and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer ##STR00001##
(where R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, an aryloxy group optionally having a substituent, a sulfo group optionally having a substituent, an amino group, an alkylamino group optionally having a substituent, or an arylamino group optionally having a substituent).

The invention provides a method for determining whether a coated contact lens is completely covered by a covalently bonded coating, comprising the steps of (1) providing a coated polyvinylalcohol-based hydrogel contact lens wherein the polyvinylalcohol-based hydrogel lens body is composed of a polymer comprising at least 50% by mole of repeating units of vinyl alcohol, comprising a lubricious coating covalently attached to the lens body, (2) contacting the coated polyvinylalcohol-based hydrogel contact lens with an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic marker polymer for obtaining a treated contact lens, the hydrophilic marker polymer having reactive groups of

##STR00001##

in which R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and a dye tag moiety, at a pH of 4.0 or less for a contacting time to covalently attach the marker polymer onto the coated polyvinylalcohol-based hydrogel contact lens through 6-membered acetal rings, (3) determining whether marker polymer is (covalently) attached to the surface of the treated contact lens.