Compounds derived from biomass, e.g., cellulose and lignins, methods of forming such compounds and polymers and products formed using such compounds.

Provided are: a dispersant for calcium carbonate that is capable of dispersing calcium carbonate well in a thermoplastic resin; a calcium carbonate composition and a thermoplastic resin composition that each contain the dispersant for calcium carbonate; and a molded body produced by using the thermoplastic resin composition. Specifically, provided are a dispersant for calcium carbonate, including a polyester resin containing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue, an aliphatic diol residue, and a monoalcohol residue or a monocarboxylic acid residue and having a melting point of 100 to 250° C.; a calcium carbonate composition that contains the dispersant and calcium carbonate; a thermoplastic resin composition that contains the dispersant, calcium carbonate, and a thermoplastic resin; and a molded body that contains the thermoplastic resin composition.

Copolyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene furanoate (PEF) modified with bifuran polyacids such as dimethyl-2,2′-bifuran-5,5′-dicarboxylate (BFE), 2,2′-bifuran-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid (BDA), or bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2′-bifuran-5,5′-dicarboxylate (BHEB), and/or bifuran polyhydroxyls, may have improved properties such as glass transition temperature (T.sub.g), tensile modulus, barrier properties, crystallinity, and/or impact strength. Polyethylene terephthalate-co-bifuranoate (PETBF) has an improved T.sub.g. Also described are polyethylene furanoate-co-bifuranoates (PEFBF).

Adhesive compositions comprise a polyester polyol that includes residues of at least one 2, 2, 4, 4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1, 3-diol, including, for example, 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1, 3-diol (TMCD). Adhesive compositions as described herein exhibit enhanced properties as compared to conventional adhesive compositions, and may be suitable for a wide variety of end use applications, including, flexible packaging, woodworking, automotive uses, and electronics.

A process to prepare a cyclic polyester oligomer composition having a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units, includes the step of reacting a monomer component, for example, 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid and, for example, ethylene glycol, in a ring closing oligomerization at a reaction temperature and reaction time, for example, at 100° C. to 350° C. for 30 to 600 minutes to obtain a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units. The process yields a cyclic polyester oligomer composition which can be used in further ring-opening polymerization reactions to produce a polyester polymer. The cyclic polyester oligomer composition has a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units and less than 5% linear oligomeric polyester species in the composition.

A process to prepare a cyclic polyester oligomer composition having a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units, includes the step of reacting a monomer component, for example, 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid and, for example, ethylene glycol, in a ring closing oligomerization at a reaction temperature and reaction time, for example, at 100° C. to 350° C. for 30 to 600 minutes to obtain a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units. The process yields a cyclic polyester oligomer composition which can be used in further ring-opening polymerization reactions to produce a polyester polymer. The cyclic polyester oligomer composition has a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units and less than 5% linear oligomeric polyester species in the composition.

A polyester polymer composition having a polyester polymer with furanic units as well as a process to prepare this polyester polymer composition are herein described. The process includes the step of reacting a cyclic polyester oligomer in the presence of a catalyst in a ring-opening polymerization reaction with a reaction temperature and a reaction time sufficient to yield a polyester polymer having furanic units. The present invention further provides a method of use of this polyester polymer composition in extrusion, injection molding, or blow molding.

A polyester polymer composition having a polyester polymer with furanic units as well as a process to prepare this polyester polymer composition are herein described. The process includes the step of reacting a cyclic polyester oligomer in the presence of a catalyst in a ring-opening polymerization reaction with a reaction temperature and a reaction time sufficient to yield a polyester polymer having furanic units. The present invention further provides a method of use of this polyester polymer composition in extrusion, injection molding, or blow molding.

Polyamide copolymers, and methods of making and using polyamide copolymers, having 2,5-furan dicarboxamide units are disclosed herein. Such polymers can be useful for engineering thermoplastics having advantageous physical and/or chemical properties.

Polyamide copolymers, and methods of making and using polyamide copolymers, having 2,5-furan dicarboxamide units are disclosed herein. Such polymers can be useful for engineering thermoplastics having advantageous physical and/or chemical properties.