A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin is a crystalline resin having a melting point Tp of 50° C. to 90° C.; the second resin is an amorphous resin; in a cross section of the toner particle observed by a transmission electron microscope, the cross section of the toner particle has a matrix-domain structure composed of a matrix comprising the first resin and domains comprising the second resin; an area ratio of the matrix comprising the first resin in a total area of the cross section of the toner particle is 35 to 70 area %; and where a longest direction of each of the domains is taken as a longitudinal direction, a standard deviation of an angle of the longitudinal direction of the domains is 25° or less.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin is a crystalline resin having a melting point Tp of 50° C. to 90° C.; the second resin is an amorphous resin; in a cross section of the toner particle observed by a transmission electron microscope, the cross section of the toner particle has a matrix-domain structure composed of a matrix comprising the first resin and domains comprising the second resin; an area ratio of the matrix comprising the first resin in a total area of the cross section of the toner particle is 35 to 70 area %; and where a longest direction of each of the domains is taken as a longitudinal direction, a standard deviation of an angle of the longitudinal direction of the domains is 25° or less.

[Problem] The present invention aims to provide a high-molecular-weight modified copolymerized polyester resin that has a reactive functional group at a site other than the terminals of the molecular chain thereof, has an excellent reactivity with a curing agent (such as an epoxy resin or an isocyanate compound), and can be used to form an organic-solvent-and-emulsifier-free water dispersion having excellent storage stability.

[Solution] A modified copolymerized polyester resin (B) having a structure in which a copolymerized polyester resin (A) has an unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid added to a side chain thereof, and the copolymerized polyester resin (A) contains, as copolymerization components, at least one member selected from the group consisting of: a copolymerization component having an alicyclic structure (component x); a copolymerization component having six or more continuous methylene groups (component y); and an acyclic aliphatic copolymerization component having a tertiary carbon atom and a molecular weight of more than 100 (component z).

An unsaturated polyester resin composition with low styrene volatility and a molding article thereof are provided. The unsaturated polyester resin composition of includes: 30 to 60 parts by weight of unsaturated polyester resin and 2 to 30 parts by weight of comonomer, and the comonomer includes: (a) methyl styrene, (b) hydroxy acrylate monomer and (c) diallyl phthalate monomer, and the weight ratio of the content (a), (b), and (c) is 6:3:1 in the comonomer.

An unsaturated polyester resin composition with low styrene volatility and a molding article thereof are provided. The unsaturated polyester resin composition of includes: 30 to 60 parts by weight of unsaturated polyester resin and 2 to 30 parts by weight of comonomer, and the comonomer includes: (a) methyl styrene, (b) hydroxy acrylate monomer and (c) diallyl phthalate monomer, and the weight ratio of the content (a), (b), and (c) is 6:3:1 in the comonomer.

The present disclosure generally relates to a waterproofing polymer that is a substantially non-sequential reaction product of the following components: (i) at least one polyglycerol; (ii) at least one dimer acid; and (iii) at least one fatty acid having 8-30 carbon atoms, wherein (iii) and (i) are in a molar ratio of less than 2:1. The components are charged to a reaction vessel and subsequently reacted to produce a polyester polymer having excellent waterproofing properties. The polymers impart high static and water-resistant SPF to oil-in-water sunscreen formulations.

The present disclosure generally relates to a waterproofing polymer that is a substantially non-sequential reaction product of the following components: (i) at least one polyglycerol; (ii) at least one dimer acid; and (iii) at least one fatty acid having 8-30 carbon atoms, wherein (iii) and (i) are in a molar ratio of less than 2:1. The components are charged to a reaction vessel and subsequently reacted to produce a polyester polymer having excellent waterproofing properties. The polymers impart high static and water-resistant SPF to oil-in-water sunscreen formulations.

The present disclosure generally relates to a waterproofing polymer that is a substantially non-sequential reaction product of the following components: (i) at least one polyglycerol; (ii) at least one dimer acid; and (iii) at least one fatty acid having 8-30 carbon atoms, wherein (iii) and (i) are in a molar ratio of less than 2:1. The components are charged to a reaction vessel and subsequently reacted to produce a polyester polymer having excellent waterproofing properties. The polymers impart high static and water-resistant SPF to anhydrous sunscreen formulations.

The present disclosure generally relates to a waterproofing polymer that is a substantially non-sequential reaction product of the following components: (i) at least one polyglycerol; (ii) at least one dimer acid; and (iii) at least one fatty acid having 8-30 carbon atoms, wherein (iii) and (i) are in a molar ratio of less than 2:1. The components are charged to a reaction vessel and subsequently reacted to produce a polyester polymer having excellent waterproofing properties. The polymers impart high static and water-resistant SPF to anhydrous sunscreen formulations.

A coating composition containing a crosslinkable coating composition. The coating system comprises: ingredient A that has at least two protons that can be activated to form a Michael carbanion donor; ingredient B that functions as a Michael acceptor having at least two ethylenically unsaturated functionalities each activated by an electron-withdrawing group; and a catalyst system. In one embodiment, the catalyst system comprises diethyl carbonate, quaternary ammonium hydroxide or quaternary ammonium alkoxide, ethanol and 4-6 wt. % water. In another embodiment, the catalyst system comprises carbon dioxide, quaternary ammonium hydroxide or quaternary ammonium alkoxide, ethanol and 2-4 wt. % water. In certain embodiments, the coating composition optionally further comprising ammonium carbamate (H.sub.2NR.sub.8R.sub.9+—OC═ONR.sub.8R.sub.9), wherein R.sub.8 R.sub.9 are each independently selected from hydrogen, a linear or branched substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; 1 to 8 carbon atoms; 1 to 3 carbon atoms.