To provide a resin for ink compositions that is usable in the preparation of active energy ray-curable ink compositions and that can increase a proportion of biomass-derived ingredients.

A polyester resin that is a condensation polymer of an acid ingredient including a fatty acid containing an epoxy group and a polybasic acid, and a polyhydric alcohol is employed, wherein the fatty acid has a peroxide value of 1 meq/kg or more in terms of triglyceride. Such a resin is prepared by a process for producing the polyester resin through heating a mixture containing an epoxidized oil or fat, a polybasic acid, and a polyhydric alcohol to subject to a transesterification reaction and a polycondensation reaction, wherein the epoxidized oil or fat has a peroxide value of 1 meq/kg or more.

To provide a resin for ink compositions that is usable in the preparation of active energy ray-curable ink compositions and that can increase a proportion of biomass-derived ingredients.

A polyester resin that is a condensation polymer of an acid ingredient including a fatty acid containing an epoxy group and a polybasic acid, and a polyhydric alcohol is employed, wherein the fatty acid has a peroxide value of 1 meq/kg or more in terms of triglyceride. Such a resin is prepared by a process for producing the polyester resin through heating a mixture containing an epoxidized oil or fat, a polybasic acid, and a polyhydric alcohol to subject to a transesterification reaction and a polycondensation reaction, wherein the epoxidized oil or fat has a peroxide value of 1 meq/kg or more.

A substantially gel-free and substantially linear biodegradable polyester obtainable by reaction with a radical initiator starting from a precursor polyester provided with an unsaturated chain terminator, wherein the terminator has the formula: T-(CH2)n-CHCH2, wherein T is selected from hydroxylic, carboxylic, amine, amide or ester group, and n is an integer comprised between 0 and 13. The content of the unsaturated chain terminator is between 0.01 and less than 1% by moles with respect to the moles of repetitive units of the polyester precursor; and the content of the radical initiator is less than 0.08 wt % with respect to the quantity of the precursor polyester.

A substantially gel-free and substantially linear biodegradable polyester obtainable by reaction with a radical initiator starting from a precursor polyester provided with an unsaturated chain terminator, wherein the terminator has the formula: T-(CH2)n-CHCH2, wherein T is selected from hydroxylic, carboxylic, amine, amide or ester group, and n is an integer comprised between 0 and 13. The content of the unsaturated chain terminator is between 0.01 and less than 1% by moles with respect to the moles of repetitive units of the polyester precursor; and the content of the radical initiator is less than 0.08 wt % with respect to the quantity of the precursor polyester.

The present invention relates to an alkyd resin comprising the condensation product of at least the following components (A) a polybasic acid, (B) a polyhydric alcohol, and (C) a linear C.sub.12-C.sub.60 hydrocarbo monocarboxylic acid, and optionally (D) at least one component other than any of components A to C characterized in that at least a part of the polybasic acid (A) is a (optionally hydrogenated) Diels Alder adduct of citraconic acid with C.sub.4-C.sub.14 conjugated diene, a (optionally hydrogenated) Diels Alder adduct of citraconic anhydride with C.sub.4-C.sub.14 conjugated diene, a half ester of such a Diels Alder adduct and/or a diester of such a Diels Alder adduct.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin is a crystalline resin having a melting point Tp of 50 C. to 90 C.; the second resin is an amorphous resin; in a cross section of the toner particle observed by a transmission electron microscope, the cross section of the toner particle has a matrix-domain structure composed of a matrix comprising the first resin and domains comprising the second resin; an area ratio of the matrix comprising the first resin in a total area of the cross section of the toner particle is 35 to 70 area %; and where a longest direction of each of the domains is taken as a longitudinal direction, a standard deviation of an angle of the longitudinal direction of the domains is 25 or less.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin is a crystalline resin having a melting point Tp of 50 C. to 90 C.; the second resin is an amorphous resin; in a cross section of the toner particle observed by a transmission electron microscope, the cross section of the toner particle has a matrix-domain structure composed of a matrix comprising the first resin and domains comprising the second resin; an area ratio of the matrix comprising the first resin in a total area of the cross section of the toner particle is 35 to 70 area %; and where a longest direction of each of the domains is taken as a longitudinal direction, a standard deviation of an angle of the longitudinal direction of the domains is 25 or less.

An object of the present invention is to provide a curable resin composition having excellent solvent solubility, heat resistance (high glass transition temperature), and dielectric properties (low dielectric properties), and a cured article thereof. Specifically, the curable resin composition includes a curable resin (A) that has a repeating unit represented by General Formula (1) and contains one or more reactive groups selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acryloyloxy group, a vinylbenzyl ether group, and an allyl ether group as a terminal structure, and a curable compound (B) represented by General Formula (2).

##STR00001##

The details of the substituent represented by General Formula (1) and the number of substituents are as described in the specification.

##STR00002##

The details of the substituent represented by General Formula (2) and the number of substituents are as described in the specification.

An object of the present invention is to provide a curable resin composition having excellent solvent solubility, heat resistance (high glass transition temperature), and dielectric properties (low dielectric properties), and a cured article thereof. Specifically, the curable resin composition includes a curable resin (A) that has a repeating unit represented by General Formula (1) and contains one or more reactive groups selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acryloyloxy group, a vinylbenzyl ether group, and an allyl ether group as a terminal structure, and a curable compound (B) represented by General Formula (2).

##STR00001##

The details of the substituent represented by General Formula (1) and the number of substituents are as described in the specification.

##STR00002##

The details of the substituent represented by General Formula (2) and the number of substituents are as described in the specification.

The present disclosure generally relates to a waterproofing polymer that is a substantially non-sequential reaction product of the following components: (i) at least one polyglycerol; (ii) at least one dimer acid; and (iii) at least one fatty acid having 8-30 carbon atoms, wherein (iii) and (i) are in a molar ratio of less than 2:1. The components are charged to a reaction vessel and subsequently reacted to produce a polyester polymer having excellent waterproofing properties. The polymers impart high static and water-resistant SPF to oil-in-water sunscreen formulations.