The invention relates to an unsaturated polyester resin of low molecular weight which is useful for the preparation of engineered stone. When mixing the unsaturated polyester resin with a fine inorganic particulate material such as cristobalite, a formable composition is obtained that can be further processed and cured to finally yield engineered stone as composite material. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of engineered stone as well as to the use of the unsaturated polyester resin for the preparation of engineered stone.

The invention relates to an unsaturated polyester resin of low molecular weight which is useful for the preparation of engineered stone. When mixing the unsaturated polyester resin with a fine inorganic particulate material such as cristobalite, a formable composition is obtained that can be further processed and cured to finally yield engineered stone as composite material. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of engineered stone as well as to the use of the unsaturated polyester resin for the preparation of engineered stone.

A liquid crystal polymer, composition, liquid crystal polymer film, laminated material and method of forming liquid crystal polymer film are provided. The liquid crystal polymer includes a first repeating unit, a second repeating unit, a third repeating unit, a fourth repeating unit, and a fifth repeating unit. The first repeating unit has a structure of Formula (I), the second repeating unit has a structure of Formula (II), the third repeating unit has a structure of Formula (III), the fourth repeating unit has a structure of Formula (IV), and the fifth repeating unit has a structure of Formula (V), a structure of Formula (VI), or a structure of Formula (VII)

##STR00001##

wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, X.sup.1, Z.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and Q are as defined in the specification.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder and a toner that maintains offset resistance while having high gloss and that is excellent in low-temperature fixability, grindability, image strength, and heat-resistant storage stability. The toner binder of the present invention is a toner binder containing a non-linear polyester modified resin (A), wherein the non-linear polyester modified resin (A) is a modified resin having one or more carbon-carbon bonds crosslinking polyesters, and the toner binder has a loss tangent tan of 2 to 20 in the entire temperature range of 110 C. to 130 C.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder and a toner that maintains offset resistance while having high gloss and that is excellent in low-temperature fixability, grindability, image strength, and heat-resistant storage stability. The toner binder of the present invention is a toner binder containing a non-linear polyester modified resin (A), wherein the non-linear polyester modified resin (A) is a modified resin having one or more carbon-carbon bonds crosslinking polyesters, and the toner binder has a loss tangent tan of 2 to 20 in the entire temperature range of 110 C. to 130 C.

A vinylbenzylated phenol compound represented by General Formula (1) below is provided. ##STR00001##
(In General Formula (1), Ar.sup.0 is a bifunctional phenol compound residue having one or more monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic nuclei, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 may be the same or different and are each hydrogen or a methyl group, and p is an integer of 1 to 4.)

A vinylbenzylated phenol compound represented by General Formula (1) below is provided. ##STR00001##
(In General Formula (1), Ar.sup.0 is a bifunctional phenol compound residue having one or more monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic nuclei, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 may be the same or different and are each hydrogen or a methyl group, and p is an integer of 1 to 4.)

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for producing a binder resin, from which a toner having excellent low-temperature fusing property, roller release properties, and pulverization properties, is obtained, a binder resin, and a toner for development of electrostatic images including the binder resin.

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for producing a binder resin including the following steps (1) and (2): step (1): mixing an aromatic alcohol including an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and fumaric acid; and step (2): further adding a carboxylic acid to the mixture obtained in the step (1) and mixing until a softening point of the binder resin in the system falls within the predetermined range, wherein in the molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, the binder resin includes 40% or more of components having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more and has a peak top of molecular weight distribution within a range of 7,500 or more and 10,000 or less.

A photosensitive resin composition and a manufacturing method thereof, a black matrix, a pixel layer, a protective film, a color filter, and a liquid crystal display apparatus are provided. The photosensitive resin composition includes an alkali-soluble resin (A), a compound (B) containing an ethylenically-unsaturated group, a photoinitiator (C), and a solvent (D), wherein the alkali-soluble resin (A) contains a first alkali-soluble resin (A-1) having all of a fluorene group, a polymerizable unsaturated group, and a carbamate group. The photosensitive resin composition contains a specific alkali-soluble resin (A-1), so that a pattern formed by the photosensitive resin composition has no development residue and good sputtering resistance.

A novel copolyester hot-melt adhesive and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The preparation method mainly includes the following steps: selecting raw materials according to preset ratios, wherein the raw materials include: bisphenol A, maleic acid, terephthalic acid, another dibasic acid, 1,4-butanediol, another dibasic alcohol, catalysts and a stabilizer; producing a prepolymer under negative pressure in a low-temperature section, completing an esterification process under normal pressure in the low-temperature section, and completing a polycondensation step under negative pressure in a high-temperature section, thereby finally preparing the novel copolyester hot-melt adhesive product. According to the disclosed copolyester hot-melt adhesive product, on the basis of maintaining the comprehensive performance of the existing conventional copolyester hot-melt adhesive products, the dry cleaning resistance is greatly enhanced, and is no less than the washing resistance of a polyamide hot-melt adhesive, but the overall cost is lower than that of the conventional polyamide hot-melt adhesives.