The present application is directed to a method for preparing a cyclic carbonate functional polyester, said method comprising the stages of (A) reacting glycerine carbonate with an anhydride to form an Adduct (A), (B) reacting said Adduct (A) with at least one polyepoxide compound to form an Adduct (B), and (C) reacting said Adduct (B) with at least one polycarboxylic acid to form said cyclic carbonate functional polyester.

In various embodiments, the present invention is directed to a PPF-based copolymer for 3D printing applications and methods for its making and use. These copolymers have a viscosity in a printable viscosity range and allow light transmittance at curing wavelengths. In various embodiments, a lower viscosity copolymers are obtained by substitution of a portion of maleic anhydride with succinic anhydride and then forming a poly(propylene fumarate-co-succinate) copolymer by the copolymerization of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride with propylene oxide via Mg(BHT).sub.2(THF).sub.2 catalyzed ring opening copolymerization (ROCOP). Because of their lower viscosities, these copolymers require less, if any, diethyl fumarate (DEF) to prepare the 3D printing resin, while the mechanical properties can still be adjusted as with a PPF polymer prepared without the succinic anhydride.

In various embodiments, the present invention is directed to a PPF-based copolymer for 3D printing applications and methods for its making and use. These copolymers have a viscosity in a printable viscosity range and allow light transmittance at curing wavelengths. In various embodiments, a lower viscosity copolymers are obtained by substitution of a portion of maleic anhydride with succinic anhydride and then forming a poly(propylene fumarate-co-succinate) copolymer by the copolymerization of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride with propylene oxide via Mg(BHT).sub.2(THF).sub.2 catalyzed ring opening copolymerization (ROCOP). Because of their lower viscosities, these copolymers require less, if any, diethyl fumarate (DEF) to prepare the 3D printing resin, while the mechanical properties can still be adjusted as with a PPF polymer prepared without the succinic anhydride.

A method includes applying a composition for forming a resist underlayer film to a substrate having a recess in a surface, and baking the composition for forming a resist underlayer film to form a resist underlayer film for filling at least the recess. The composition for forming a resist underlayer film has a copolymer having a structural unit of following formula (1), a cross-linkable compound, a cross-linking catalyst, and a solvent:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-3 alkylene group or a single bond, Z is an O group, a S group, or a SS group, and Ar is an arylene group.

A method includes applying a composition for forming a resist underlayer film to a substrate having a recess in a surface, and baking the composition for forming a resist underlayer film to form a resist underlayer film for filling at least the recess. The composition for forming a resist underlayer film has a copolymer having a structural unit of following formula (1), a cross-linkable compound, a cross-linking catalyst, and a solvent:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-3 alkylene group or a single bond, Z is an O group, a S group, or a SS group, and Ar is an arylene group.

A composition for forming a resist underlayer film that has a high dry etching rate, functions as an anti-reflective coating during exposure, and fills a recess having a narrow space and a high aspect ratio. A composition for forming a resist underlayer film has a copolymer having a structural unit of following formula (1), a cross-linkable compound, a cross-linking catalyst, and a solvent: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-3 alkylene group or a single bond, Z is an O group, a S group, or a SS group, and Ar is an arylene group. The copolymer is synthesized by a reaction of a carboxyl group of a dicarboxylic acid compound having an O group, a S group, or a SS group with an epoxy group of a diglycidyl ether compound having an arylene group.

A composition for forming a resist underlayer film that has a high dry etching rate, functions as an anti-reflective coating during exposure, and fills a recess having a narrow space and a high aspect ratio. A composition for forming a resist underlayer film has a copolymer having a structural unit of following formula (1), a cross-linkable compound, a cross-linking catalyst, and a solvent: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-3 alkylene group or a single bond, Z is an O group, a S group, or a SS group, and Ar is an arylene group. The copolymer is synthesized by a reaction of a carboxyl group of a dicarboxylic acid compound having an O group, a S group, or a SS group with an epoxy group of a diglycidyl ether compound having an arylene group.

Polycyclocarbonate compounds and upgraded molecular weight polymers made from such compounds are provided. The polymers have particular utility in coating compositions, especially for use on food and beverage contact substrates that are formed into or will be formed into containers or container components.

The present application is directed to a method for preparing a cyclic carbonate functional polyester, said method comprising: reacting glycerine carbonate with an anhydride to form an Adduct (A); and, reacting said Adduct (A) with at least one polyepoxide compound to form said cyclic carbonate functional polyester (CC-PES). More particularly, the present application is directed to a method for preparing a cyclic carbonate functional polyester, said method comprising the stages: A) reacting glycerine carbonate with an anhydride to form an Adduct (A); B) providing a polycarboxylic acid; C) reacting said polycarboxylic acid with at least one diglycidyl ether to form an epoxy functional polyester; and, D) reacting said epoxy functional polyester with said Adduct (A) to form said cyclic carbonate functional polyester.

The present application is directed to a method for preparing a cyclic carbonate functional polyester, said method comprising: reacting glycerine carbonate with an anhydride to form an Adduct (A); and, reacting said Adduct (A) with at least one polyepoxide compound to form said cyclic carbonate functional polyester (CC-PES). More particularly, the present application is directed to a method for preparing a cyclic carbonate functional polyester, said method comprising the stages: A) reacting glycerine carbonate with an anhydride to form an Adduct (A); B) providing a polycarboxylic acid; C) reacting said polycarboxylic acid with at least one diglycidyl ether to form an epoxy functional polyester; and, D) reacting said epoxy functional polyester with said Adduct (A) to form said cyclic carbonate functional polyester.