Disclosed is an emulsion formed using, as an emulsifier, 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of a perfluoroalkylethyl phosphonic acid salt represented by the general formula: C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1CH.sub.2CH.sub.2P(O)(OM.sup.1)(OM.sup.2) [III] (M.sup.1: a hydrogen atom, ammonium salt, or organic amine salt, M.sup.2: an ammonium salt or organic amine salt, n: 1 to 6), based on 100 parts by weight of a perfluoropolyether oil represented by the general formula: RfO(C.sub.3F.sub.6O).sub.p(C.sub.2F.sub.4O), (CF.sub.2O), Rf [I] (Rf and Rf: C.sub.1-C.sub.5 perfluoroalkyl groups, p+q+r: 2 to 200) or the general formula: F(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.nCF.sub.2CF.sub.3 [II](n: 2 to 100), or a perfluorocarbon compound. In spite of using, as an emulsifier, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 6 or less carbon atoms, which is said to have low bioaccumulation potential, the emulsion exhibits excellent emulsification stability, and therefore can be effectively used as a surface-treating agent, such as a mold-releasing agent.

The invention relates to dispersants for inorganic particles, preferably for hydraulic binders, which comprises the following structural units: i) at least one triazine structural unit, ii) at least one polyalkylene glycol structural unit, and iii) at least two phosphoric ester structural units on at least one carbon atom of one or more aromatic triazine rings of the formulae (IIa) and/or (IIb):
N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OPO.sub.3H.sub.2).sub.2,(IIa)
and
NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OPO.sub.3H.sub.2.(IIb) The invention also relates to a process for preparing the dispersants, to building material mixtures comprising one or more dispersants and one or more inorganic binders. The invention relates to the use of the dispersants as a water reducing agent, as a means for reducing the viscosity and for enhancing the early strengths of aqueous inorganic binders, and also to the use as a grinding aid in the production of cement.

Lipid-based nanoparticle compositions are provided. The compositions generally comprise lipid-hydrophilic polymer-amyloid binding ligand conjugates, and may be liposomal compositions. The compositions, including the liposomal compositions, may be useful for imaging and/or the treatment of amyloid- plaque deposits characteristic of Alzheimer's Disease.

The present invention relates to a method of producing an alkoxylene derivative and an application thereof. A mixture is firstly subjected to a first reaction for obtaining a first intermediate. The mixture includes an alkyl alcohol compound and a glycidyl ether compound. A second reaction is performed to the first intermediate and an epoxyalkyl compound, thereby obtaining the alkoxylene derivative. The alkoxylene derivative can effectively improve antistatic property and anti-fogging property.

The present invention describes a hardening accelerating admixture for hydraulic binders, the accelerator being based on transition metal silicate hydrates having the general formula: aMe.sub.xO.sub.y bMO cAl.sub.2O.sub.3 SiO.sub.2 dH.sub.2O 1) whereMe represents a transition metal whose molar coefficient a is in a range between 0.001 and 2, preferably between 0.01 and 1; M represents an alkaline earth metal whose molar coefficient b is in a range between 0 and 2, preferably between 0.3 and 1.6; The molar coefficient c for Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is in a range between 0 and 2, preferably between 0.1 and 1; H.sub.2O represents the hydration water of the silicate hydrate whose molar coefficient d can vary within a wide range between 0.5 and 20; x and y can both be equal to 1 or different, depending on the valence of the transition metal, given that the valence of the oxygen atom in the metal oxide is equal to 2.

Disclosed is an emulsion formed using, as an emulsifier, 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of a perfluoroalkylethyl phosphonic acid salt represented by the general formula: C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1CH.sub.2CH.sub.2P(O)(OM.sup.1)(OM.sup.2) [III] (M.sup.1: a hydrogen atom, ammonium salt, or organic amine salt, M.sup.2: an ammonium salt or organic amine salt, n: 1 to 6), based on 100 parts by weight of a perfluoropolyether oil represented by the general formula: RfO(C.sub.3F.sub.6O).sub.p(C.sub.2F.sub.4O).sub.q(CF.sub.2O).sub.rRf [I] (Rf and Rf: C.sub.1-C.sub.5 perfluoroalkyl groups, p+q+r: 2 to 200) or the general formula: F(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.nCF.sub.2CF.sub.3 [II] (n: 2 to 100), or a perfluorocarbon compound. In spite of using, as an emulsifier, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 6 or less carbon atoms, which is said to have low bioaccumulation potential, the emulsion exhibits excellent emulsification stability, and therefore can be effectively used as a surface-treating agent, such as a mold-releasing agent.

An object is to provide a mechanochemical-reaction additive that can be handled in the air, can be easily synthesized, can be used in a mechanochemical reaction to increase the activity of the mechanochemical reaction, and can be applied to wide-ranging substrates under mild conditions. A solving means provided is a mechanochemical-reaction additive including at least a ligand compound (Lx) or salt thereof, wherein the ligand compound (Lx) is one or more of a phosphorus-based compound, a bipyridine-based compound, and an N-heterocyclic carbene-based compound, and the ligand compound (Lx) intramolecularly has a polymer chain and the polymer chain is one or more of polyether, polyamide, polyester, and polyurethane.

Phosphate-containing copolymers, medical compositions containing the phosphate-containing copolymers, and methods of suppressing microbial virulence are provided. By suppressing virulence, administration and/or application of the medical compositions can be used to prevent, mitigate, or treat a microbial infection. The phosphate-containing copolymers are prepared by phosphorylating either a random copolymer or a random copolymeric block that contains monomeric units of propylene oxide and glycidol.