Rigid porous polymeric carbon sorbents, including particularly polymeric carbon sorbents for CO.sub.2 capture for flue gas from power plants and for gases from other post combustion CO.sub.2 emission outlets, and methods of making and using same. The porous carbon material can be prepared by heating plastic with an additive. The additive can be selected from metal hydroxide, metal oxalate, metal acetate, metal acetylacetonoate or mixtures thereof. By controlling the preparation, such as the temperature of preparation, the porous carbon sorbent can be controlled to be rigid.

The present invention relates to a process for recovering raw materials from a polyurethane foam, comprising step (A), the providing of a polyurethane foam based on an isocyanate component and a polyol component, wherein the polyurethane foam comprises a cell structure containing one or more volatile accompanying substances, namely a component X selected from the group consisting of oxygen, a blowing agent, a disinfectant and a mixture of two or more of the above, wherein component X comprises at least oxygen, step (B), the chemolysis of the polyurethane foam with a chemolysis reagent, wherein the polyurethane foam is degassed before being contacted with the chemolysis reagent, wherein at least oxygen, but preferably all constituents of component X or any gaseous breakdown products thereof that have formed are removed from the chemolysis apparatus in gaseous form via a gas removal device at a pressure of not more than 960 mbar(abs.) and a temperature of not more than 120? C., so as to obtain a degassed polyurethane foam, followed by the reaction of the degassed polyurethane foam with the chemolysis reagent in the presence of a catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere and the workup of the product mixture obtained by the chemolysis, step (C), the obtaining of at least one polyol, and optionally step (D), the obtaining of at least one amine corresponding to an isocyanate of the isocyanate component.

The present invention relates to a process for recovering raw materials from a polyurethane foam, comprising step (A), the providing of a polyurethane foam based on an isocyanate component and a polyol component, wherein the polyurethane foam comprises a cell structure containing one or more volatile accompanying substances, namely a component X selected from the group consisting of oxygen, a blowing agent, a disinfectant and a mixture of two or more of the above, wherein component X comprises at least oxygen, step (B), the chemolysis of the polyurethane foam with a chemolysis reagent, wherein the polyurethane foam is degassed before being contacted with the chemolysis reagent, wherein at least oxygen, but preferably all constituents of component X or any gaseous breakdown products thereof that have formed are removed from the chemolysis apparatus in gaseous form via a gas removal device at a pressure of not more than 960 mbar(abs.) and a temperature of not more than 120? C., so as to obtain a degassed polyurethane foam, followed by the reaction of the degassed polyurethane foam with the chemolysis reagent in the presence of a catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere and the workup of the product mixture obtained by the chemolysis, step (C), the obtaining of at least one polyol, and optionally step (D), the obtaining of at least one amine corresponding to an isocyanate of the isocyanate component.

A depolymerization reaction of a polyester input with an organocatalyst and an alcohol solvent produces (i) a recycled monomeric or oligomeric diester from the polyester, (ii) the organocatalyst for reuse, and (iii) the alcohol solvent, which may also be reused. The presence of volatile impurities, such as water, acetyl aldehyde, and organic solvents can interfere with the success of the depolymerization reaction. A pre-reaction distillation step removes volatile impurities from the polyester input resulting in an efficient depolymerization reaction with consistency among batches. The polyester input may be further treated with a water azeotrope to remove water from the polyester input prior to the pre-reaction distillation.

A depolymerization reaction of a polyester input with an organocatalyst and an alcohol solvent produces (i) a recycled monomeric or oligomeric diester from the polyester, (ii) the organocatalyst for reuse, and (iii) the alcohol solvent, which may also be reused. The presence of volatile impurities, such as water, acetyl aldehyde, and organic solvents can interfere with the success of the depolymerization reaction. A pre-reaction distillation step removes volatile impurities from the polyester input resulting in an efficient depolymerization reaction with consistency among batches. The polyester input may be further treated with a water azeotrope to remove water from the polyester input prior to the pre-reaction distillation.

Disclosed are methods for polypropylene decomposition. Also disclosed are products obtained from the decomposition polypropylene including carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, nitro-substituted carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids; as well as the salts, esters, and anhydrides thereof.

Disclosed are methods for polypropylene decomposition. Also disclosed are products obtained from the decomposition polypropylene including carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, nitro-substituted carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids; as well as the salts, esters, and anhydrides thereof.

An organometallic compound is incorporated into a vulcanized rubber matrix. A tunable, multi-phase copper sulfide lattice is compounded within an existing sulfur cross-linked morphology, as in crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires or other vulcanized rubber, whereby thermotropic properties of the rubber matrix are modulated. The process involves breaking of sulfur-sulfur and/or sulfur-carbon bonds through action of the carbon sulfide. The resulting rubber is suitable for use in applications typically utilizing virgin rubber, such as new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications. In other embodiments, an organometallic compound comprising iron acetate or alkaline earth metal acetate is incorporated into the vulcanized rubber matrix.

An organometallic compound is incorporated into a vulcanized rubber matrix. A tunable, multi-phase copper sulfide lattice is compounded within an existing sulfur cross-linked morphology, as in crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires or other vulcanized rubber, whereby thermotropic properties of the rubber matrix are modulated. The process involves breaking of sulfur-sulfur and/or sulfur-carbon bonds through action of the carbon sulfide. The resulting rubber is suitable for use in applications typically utilizing virgin rubber, such as new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications. In other embodiments, an organometallic compound comprising iron acetate or alkaline earth metal acetate is incorporated into the vulcanized rubber matrix.

This application relates, in part, to novel salts represented by the following structure of Formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl (e.g., unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, e.g., CH.sub.3); R.sup.1b is optionally substituted alkyl (e.g., unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, e.g., CH.sub.3); each occurrence of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can combine with each other to form optionally substituted cycloalkyl; each m and n is independently an integer ranging from 1 to 20 (e.g., m and n is independently an integer ranging from 1 to 5); and each of Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 is independently a counterion (e.g., each of Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 is independently a counterion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, acetate, carboxylate, hydrogen sulfate, nitrate, and phenolate, and sulfonate, e.g., chloride), and methods of making the same.