To provide a liquid composition capable of forming a membrane excellent in durability against hydrogen peroxide or peroxide radicals and excellent in hydrogen gas barrier property; a polymer electrolyte membrane; a membrane electrode assembly; and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

Liquid composition comprising a liquid medium, an acid-type sulfonic acid group-containing fluorocarbon polymer of which the hydrogen gas permeation coefficient under the conditions of a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 10% is at most 2.5×10.sup.−9 cm.sup.3.Math.cm/(s.Math.cm.sup.2.Math.cmHg), and cerium atoms; a polymer electrolyte membrane 15 comprising the acid-type sulfonic acid group-containing fluorocarbon polymer, and cerium atoms; and a membrane electrode assembly 10 comprising an anode 13 having a catalyst layer, a cathode 14 having a catalyst layer, and the polymer electrolyte membrane 15 disposed between the anode 13 and the cathode 14.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment agent which is capable of forming, on a metal material, a film that not only comprehensively satisfies various performance such as corrosion resistance and adhesion but also exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and adhesion even when exposed to a high-temperature environment. The Problem is solved by a surface treatment agent for metal materials, which contains: a compound and/or mixture (A) represented by M.sub.2O.SiO.sub.2, wherein a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2/M.sub.2O is in a range of 1.8 to 7.0 and M represents an alkali metal; a stabilized zirconium oxide (B); and a component (C) that contains at least one selected from metal oxide particles and clay minerals except for the compound and/or mixture (A) and the stabilized zirconium oxide (B).

A layered coating system with enhanced properties capable of protecting an article or a component of an article from exposure to outdoor elements, including UV radiation, extreme temperatures, water, acid rain, other fluids and chemicals; scratching and marring from surface contact; and more. The layered coating system and articles formed therewith are characterized by properties that can include UV-absorption, abrasion and scratch resistance, adhesion to the substrate and within the coating layers, haze and visible light transparency, and impact resistance.

A coating composition comprising (A) inorganic oxide fine particles, (B) a hydrolyzable group-containing organic silicon compound, (C) water or an acid aqueous solution, (D) a curing catalyst and (E) an organic solvent, wherein the inorganic oxide fine particles (A) contain 100 parts by mass of (A1) first inorganic oxide fine particles containing not less than 50 mass % of a zirconium oxide component and 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of (A2) cerium oxide fine particles. This coating composition is used to form a hard coat film.

Provided is a millable silicone rubber composition capable of yielding a silicone rubber (cured product) superior in heat resistance. The composition contains: (A) 100 parts by mass of an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon atom-bonded alkenyl groups in one molecule, and having an average polymerization degree of not lower than 100; (B) 5 to 100 parts by mass of a reinforcing silica having a specific surface area of not smaller than 50 m.sup.2/g; (C) 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of a titanium oxide doped with a transition metal oxide of 0.01 to 5% by mass; (D) 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of a cerium oxide and/or a cerium hydroxide; and (E) 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of a curing agent.

The present disclosure provides a radiative cooling functional coating material and application thereof. The radiative cooling functional coating material can be configured for manufacturing a radiative cooling functional layer. The radiative cooling functional layer can be configured for reflecting ultraviolet light and/or visible light and/or near-infrared light in sunlight and emitting heat through an atmospheric window in a form of infrared radiation. The radiative cooling functional coating material can include a granular filler and a radiative cooling functional resin, and the granular filler can be distributed in the radiative cooling functional resin.

A photocurable composition including the following components (A) to (D), (A) a monomer having one (meth)acryloyl structure, (B) a crosslinking agent having two or more (meth)acryloyl structures, (C) an inorganic ultraviolet-blocking agent having a 50% volume cumulative particle size of 1 to 50 nm, and (D) a photopolymerization initiator in an amount of 0.05 to 1 part by weight, relative to total 100 parts by weight of components (A) and (B), wherein a part or all of component (A) is a hydrophilic monomer, and a content of the hydrophilic monomer is 70% by weight or more, relative to the total weight of components (A) and (B).

A conductive paste for forming a conductive track or coating on a substrate, the paste comprising a solids portion dispersed in an organic vehicle, the solids portion comprising electrically conductive material and an inorganic particle mixture; wherein the inorganic particle mixture comprises particles of glass frit and substantially crystalline particles of one or more metal compounds; and wherein the glass frit comprises at least 90 mol % Te O.sub.2.

The present disclosure provides a radiative cooling functional coating material and application thereof. The radiative cooling functional coating material can be configured for manufacturing a radiative cooling functional layer. The radiative cooling functional layer can be configured for reflecting ultraviolet light and/or visible light and/or near-infrared light in sunlight and emitting heat through an atmospheric window in a form of infrared radiation. The radiative cooling functional coating material can include a granular filler and a radiative cooling functional resin, and the granular filler can be distributed in the radiative cooling functional resin.

The present invention provides a resin composition for stereolithography that, with its low consistency, enables easy fabrication while ensuring good shape accuracy and desirable color masking properties in the cured product. The present invention relates to a resin composition for stereolithography comprising: an 80 to 99 mass % polymerizable monomer (a); a 0.1 to 10 mass % photopolymerization initiator (b); a 0.1 to 5.0 mass % inorganic particle (c) having an average particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm; and a 0.01 to 10 mass % metal oxide particle (d) having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 10 m, the inorganic particle (c) being different from the metal oxide particle (d).