Embodiments include articles, authentication methods and apparatus, and article manufacturing methods. An article includes a substrate with a first luminescent taggant, and an extrinsic feature with a second luminescent taggant, which is positioned proximate a portion of the article surface. The first and second taggants produce emissions in overlapping emission bands as a result of exposure to excitation energy. Above the extrinsic feature, the substrate and extrinsic feature emissions combine in the overlapping emission band to produce confounded emissions that are distinguishable from the substrate emissions taken alone. An authentication system determines whether, in a region corresponding to a substrate-only region of an authentic article, emissions having first emission characteristics are detected in the overlapping emission band. The system also determines whether, in a region corresponding to an extrinsic feature region of an authentic article, the confounded emissions are detected in the overlapping emission band.

There is provided a method of making luminescent nanoparticles of the type A2-xO3:Lnx, wherein A is one or more of yttrium, scandium, aluminium, gallium, or a lanthanide; Ln is at least one lanthanide; and 0<x<2, said method comprising:providing a first mixture comprising at least a salt of A, a salt of Ln, and a solvent,providing a second mixture comprising a precipitating agent and a solvent,contacting said first mixture with said second mixture in a microjet reactor process to obtain a third mixture comprising nanoparticles, andsubjecting said nanoparticles to a heating step. There is also provided compositions and applications comprising the nanoparticles obtainable by the method.

Disclosed herein is a scintillator comprising a plurality of garnet compositions in a single block having the structural formula (1):

M.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.bM.sup.3.sub.cM.sup.4.sub.dO.sub.12(1)

where O represents oxygen, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, M.sup.3, and M.sup.4 represents a first, second, third and fourth metal that are different from each other, where the sum of a+b+c+d is about 8, where a has a value of 2 to 3.5, b has a value of 0 to 5, c has a value of 0 to 5 d has a value of 0 to 1, where b and c, b and d or c and d cannot both be equal to zero simultaneously, where M.sup.1 is rare earth element including gadolinium, yttrium, lutetium, or a combination thereof, M.sup.2 is aluminum or boron, M.sup.3 is gallium and M.sup.4 is a codopant; wherein two compositions having identical structural formulas are not adjacent to each other and wherein the single block is devoid of optical interfaces between different compositions.

A polymerizable composition includes at least one monomer, a photoinitiator capable of initiating polymerization of the monomer when exposed to light, and a phosphor capable of producing light when exposed to radiation (typically X-rays). The material is particularly suitable for bonding components at ambient temperature in situations where the bond joint is not accessible to an external light source. An associated method includes: placing a polymerizable adhesive composition, including a photoinitiator and energy converting material, such as a down-converting phosphor, in contact with at least two components to be bonded to form an assembly; and, irradiating the assembly with radiation at a first wavelength, capable of conversion (down-conversion by the phosphor) to a second wavelength capable of activating the photoinitiator, to prepare items such as inkjet cartridges, wafer-to-wafer assemblies, semiconductors, integrated circuits, and the like.

The present invention relates generally in part to BeO-based compounds that are capable of storing at least part of the energy of incident ionizing radiation and releasing at least part of the stored energy upon optical stimulation and heating. BeO-based compounds dosimetry was also developed in instrumentation, application and fundamental investigations. The present disclosure further relates the to the investigation of a BeO-based optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter together with an OSL reader, and discusses the design and operation of an OSL reader, suitable to measure OSL emission of BeO-based dosimeters, for example beryllium oxide doped with sodium, dysprosium and erbium. The present disclosure further relates to the use of BeO-based compounds comprising BeO and at least one dopant selected from the group consisting of sodium, dysprosium and erbium as a fiber-coupled OSL dosimeter.

The present invention relates to a crystalline material comprising a basic crystal based on at least one host element (We), which basic crystal is doped with at least one element of the rare earths (Do), the crystalline material having the formula:

We1.sub.(a)We2.sub.(b)Ta.sub.(c)Do1.sub.(d)Do2.sub.(e)Hal.sub.(w)O.sub.(x)Te.sub.(y)Se.sub.(z)

A process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in a manufactured product (C), preferably a cigarette (C), the process comprising adding a fluorescent taggant to oils or lubricants contained in processing machinery for said product (C), conveying (131) said product (C) past an infrared detection apparatus (140), irradiating said product (C) with infrared radiation from said detection apparatus (140) as it passes the detection apparatus (140), and detecting infrared radiation emitted from said irradiated product (C). The taggant can be in the form of a composition containing a Stokes-shifting taggant, which absorbs radiation at a first wavelength and emits radiation at a second wavelength, different from said first wavelength, dissolved or dispersed in an oil or lubricant.

A nanoparticle containing monoclinic lutetium oxide. A method of: dispersing a lutetium salt solution in a stream of oxygen gas to form droplets, and combusting the droplets to form nanoparticles containing lutetium oxide. The combustion occurs at a temperature sufficient to form monoclinic lutetium oxide in the nanoparticles. An article containing lutetium oxide and having an average grain size of at most 10 microns.

The present application relates to a technical filed of energy sources and illumination, and discloses a rare earth oxide nanosheet composite modified by an organic ligand, a preparation method and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) luminescent film. The rare earth oxide nanosheet composite modified by the organic ligand is obtained by adding the organic ligand in the rare earth nanosheet sol for ultrasonic coordination; and a mole ratio of the rare earth nanosheet sol to the organic ligand is 1:(3-9).

The present disclosure teaches an article of manufacture using an industrial (or commercial) manufacturing process. The article of manufacture comprises an infrared (IR) luminescent material that emits in the IR wavelength range (e.g., from approximately seven-hundred nanometers (700 nm) to approximately one millimeter (1 mm)) after being excited by incident wavelengths of between 100 nm and 750 nm (or visible light). In other words, once the material has been exposed to visible light, the material will continue to emit in the IR wavelength range for a period of time, even when the material is no longer exposed to the visible light.