A process for fabricating a crystalline scintillator material with an elpasolite structure that has a theoretical composition of A.sub.2BC.sub.(1-y)M.sub.yX.sub.(6-y) can include conducting crystallization by cooling from a melt bath including r moles of A and s moles of B. A is chosen from Cs, Rb, K, and Na. B is chosen from Li, K, and Na. C is chosen from athe rare earth elements, Al, and Ga. M is chosen from the alkaline earth elements. X is chosen from F, Cl, Br, and I, and y represents the atomic fraction of substitution of C by M and is in the range extending from 0 to 0.05. The melt bath can be in contact with the material containing A and B in such a way that 2s/r is above 1. The process shows an improved fabrication yield. The crystals formed therefrom can have improved scintillation properties.

CaF.sub.2 translucent ceramics includes at least two rare earth elements selected from a group consisting of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.

Ligand-capped inorganic particles, films composed of the ligand-capped inorganic particles, and methods of patterning the films are provided. Also provided are electronic, photonic, and optoelectronic devices that incorporate the films. The ligands that are bound to the inorganic particles are composed of a cation/anion pair. The anion of the pair is bound to the surface of the particle and at least one of the anion and the cation is photosensitive.

A neutron scintillator excellent in neutron detection efficiency and n/ discrimination ability, having uniform characteristics, and easily available in a large size is provided.

The neutron scintillator comprises a resin composition having eutectic particles incorporated in a resin having a similar refractive index, the eutectic particles having a sphere equivalent diameter of the order of 50 to 1000 m and being composed of lithium fluoride and an inorganic fluorescent material, such as MgF.sub.2, CaF.sub.2 or SrF.sub.2, the inorganic fluorescent material containing a lanthanoid, such as Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm or Yb, as a luminescent center atom.

The present disclosure provides an OLED display apparatus and a method for producing the same, and a color filter substrate and a method for producing the same. The OLED display apparatus comprises: a TFT array substrate; a luminescent structure layer provided on the TFT array substrate, wherein light emitted from the luminescent structure layer is infrared light; and a light conversion layer located on the luminescent structure layer. The light conversion layer comprises a plurality of pixel areas, each of which is at least provided with three light conversion units, which are a red light conversion unit formed of an upconversion luminescent material emitting red light after stimulation by infrared light, a green light conversion unit formed of an upconversion luminescent material emitting green light after stimulation by infrared light, and a blue light conversion unit formed of an upconversion luminescent material emitting blue light after stimulation by infrared light.

The present disclosure is directed to a group of newly discovered intrinsic scintillation compounds. As intrinsic scintillators, these compounds do not require an external activator as a dopant. The new scintillators may include members of two elpasolite families with the general exemplary formulas of A.sub.2BMX.sub.(6-y)X.sub.y and A.sub.3MX.sub.(6-y)X.sub.y, (0<y<6). Component A may include at least one element selected from the group consisting alkali elements and thallium (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Tl); Component B may include at least one element, different from the at least one element of component A, selected from the group consisting alkali elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs); Component M may include at least one element selected from the group consisting tri-valence elements (La, Gd, Lu, Bi, Y); Component X may include at least one element selected from the group consisting halide elements (F, Cl, Br and I); Component X may include at least one element, different from the at least one element of component X, selected from the group consisting halide elements (F, Cl, Br and I). The value of y may be in a range between 0 and 6 non-inclusively (i.e. 0<y<6, or y={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}).

Certain nanocrystals possess exceptional optical properties that may make them valuable probes for biological imaging, but rendering these nanoparticles biocompatible requires that they be small enough not to perturb cellular systems. This invention describes a phosphorescent upconverting sub-10 nm nanoparticle comprising a lanthanide-doped hexagonal -phase NaYF.sub.4 nanocrystal and methods for making the same.

Phonon engineered, lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles with very low phonon energies and tunable methods of synthesis that adjust OA:OM ratio and reaction temperature are provided. Low phonon energy KPb.sub.2X.sub.5 (X=Cl, Br) upconverting nanoparticles, both doped and undoped, exhibit dramatically suppressed multiphonon relaxation, enhancing upconversion emission from higher lanthanide excited states and enabling room temperature observation of avalanche like upconversion by Nd.sup.3+ ions. Intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) of the materials can provide bit level functionality to all optical computing. The IOB of Nd.sup.3+ doped nanocrystals, which are either bright or dark at the same excitation power based on power history, illustrate the functionality. High contrast switching and IOB are enabled via the photon avalanche process, which sustains population inversion between the ground and the first excited 4f.sup.N states of Nd.sup.3+ ions. The IOB of these nanocrystals can be controlled by temporal pump modulation and can store information.

Products, such as a watch, an item of jewelry, a pair of eyeglasses or sunglasses, or the like, may be configured to be authenticated and/or tracked by way of producing a light emission having one or more predetermined characteristics. More particularly, a product may comprise a metal component, at least a portion of which contains wave-shifting marker crystals configured to emit light having one or more characteristics by which the product may be identified. Also described are packages, such as for cosmetics or fragrances, containing wave-shifting crystals that, when excited, emit light having one or more characteristics by which information about the package, such as a unique package identifier, may be obtained.

Described herein are nanoparticles comprising NaLnF4, wherein Ln includes all non-radioactive lanthanide elements, or NaYF4, and methods of making and using the same. The nanoparticles may optionally be modified with PEG or zwitterionic polymers containing a bisphosphonate end group, wherein the bisphosphonate end group optionally comprises an aminohexyl group. As described herein. NaLnF4 or NaYF4 nanoparticles may be used as high-sensitivity reagents for mass cytometry.