A structure for a physical unclonable function using spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and a method of preparing the same are described, in which a chiral random pattern, which is unclonable and is observable with an optical microscope and a mobile phone camera, is formed using chiral photonic crystals in which chiral symmetry breaking occurs and is applied to a physical unclonable function (PUF), thereby attaining high encoding capacity, high recognition rate, and security while achieving high performance in reproducibility, uniqueness, unpredictability, and reconfigurability, and forming a desired pattern through a conventional photolithography method.

Provided herein are ferroelectric nematic (N.sub.F) compositions comprising a ferroelectric nematic host and one or more nonlinear optical compounds (chromophores).

Provided herein are ferroelectric nematic (N.sub.F) compositions comprising a ferroelectric nematic host and one or more nonlinear optical compounds (chromophores).

The present invention relates to: a polymerizable compound (I), wherein Y.sup.1 to Y.sup.6 are a chemical single bond, OC(O), C(O)O or the like, G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are a divalent aliphatic group, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are an alkenyl group, A.sup.x is a fused ring group represented by a formula (II), wherein X is NR.sup.3, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or the like, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and D is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that includes at least one nitrogen atom, A.sup.y is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, A.sup.1 is a trivalent aromatic group or the like, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or the like, and Q.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to: a polymerizable compound (I), wherein Y.sup.1 to Y.sup.6 are a chemical single bond, OC(O), C(O)O or the like, G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are a divalent aliphatic group, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are an alkenyl group, A.sup.x is a fused ring group represented by a formula (II), wherein X is NR.sup.3, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or the like, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and D is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that includes at least one nitrogen atom, A.sup.y is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, A.sup.1 is a trivalent aromatic group or the like, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or the like, and Q.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element including a pair of a substrate arranged opposite to each other, an electrode group disposed on one side or both sides of the pair of substrates facing each other, a plurality of active elements connected to the electrode group, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on each facing side of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by irradiating linearly polarized light to a film obtained from polyamic acid or a derivative thereof having a photoisomerization structure in the main chain or a film being subject to heat-baking so as to provide alignment-controlling capability, and the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal composition having negative () dielectric anisotropy. By the present invention, a liquid crystal display element having improved image sticking characteristics and good alignment stability is provided.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element including a pair of a substrate arranged opposite to each other, an electrode group disposed on one side or both sides of the pair of substrates facing each other, a plurality of active elements connected to the electrode group, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on each facing side of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by irradiating linearly polarized light to a film obtained from polyamic acid or a derivative thereof having a photoisomerization structure in the main chain or a film being subject to heat-baking so as to provide alignment-controlling capability, and the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal composition having negative () dielectric anisotropy. By the present invention, a liquid crystal display element having improved image sticking characteristics and good alignment stability is provided.

Liquid crystal composition containing polymerizable liquid crystal compound with reverse wavelength dispersion and one additive-monomer-A and additive-monomer-B, wherein: liquid crystal compound includes (in molecule), a main chain mesogen and side chain mesogen, optical axis of the main chain mesogen and optical axis of the side chain mesogen in different directions when compound is uniformly oriented, reversing wavelength dispersion property of birefringence; when the additive-monomer is in liquid crystal compound, the additive-monomer-A satisfies Expression(i); the additive-monomer-B satisfies Expression(ii) within wavelength range =380 nm-780 nm: ne>nea and no<noa Expression(i), ne<neb and no>nob Expression(ii) (ne is a refractive index of liquid crystal compound in slow-axis-direction, no is a refractive index of liquid crystal compound in fast-axis-direction, nea and noa are refractive indices of the additive-monomer-A in ne and no direction when dispersed in liquid crystal compound, neb and neo are refractive indices of additive-monomer-B in ne and no direction when dispersed in liquid crystal compound).

Liquid crystal composition containing polymerizable liquid crystal compound with reverse wavelength dispersion and one additive-monomer-A and additive-monomer-B, wherein: liquid crystal compound includes (in molecule), a main chain mesogen and side chain mesogen, optical axis of the main chain mesogen and optical axis of the side chain mesogen in different directions when compound is uniformly oriented, reversing wavelength dispersion property of birefringence; when the additive-monomer is in liquid crystal compound, the additive-monomer-A satisfies Expression(i); the additive-monomer-B satisfies Expression(ii) within wavelength range =380 nm-780 nm: ne>nea and no<noa Expression(i), ne<neb and no>nob Expression(ii) (ne is a refractive index of liquid crystal compound in slow-axis-direction, no is a refractive index of liquid crystal compound in fast-axis-direction, nea and noa are refractive indices of the additive-monomer-A in ne and no direction when dispersed in liquid crystal compound, neb and neo are refractive indices of additive-monomer-B in ne and no direction when dispersed in liquid crystal compound).

The present invention relates to: a polymerizable compound (I), wherein Y.sup.1 to Y.sup.6 are a chemical single bond, OC(O), C(O)O or the like, G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are a divalent aliphatic group, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are an alkenyl group, A.sup.x is a fused ring group represented by a formula (II), wherein X is NR.sup.3, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or the like, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and D is a substituted or unsubstituted ring having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that includes at least one nitrogen atom, A.sup.y is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, A.sup.1 is a trivalent aromatic group or the like, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or the like, and Q.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##