A liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal display element and a liquid crystal display including the liquid crystal composition, belonging to the field of liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal composition includes a compound represented by formula I and one or more compounds represented by formula II. The liquid crystal composition can increase the dielectric anisotropy and improve the voltage retention rate. ##STR00001##

A liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds of the formulae IA to IH,

##STR00001##

in which Z.sup.1 denotes a single bond, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.4—, —CHFCHF—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —C≡C—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CHCHO— or —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2O—,
and the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, SA-VA, PS-IPS or IPS effect.

The invention relates to liquid-crystalline media which can be used, in particular, for electro-optical displays having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB effect and for IPS (in-plane switching) displays or FFS (fringe field switching) displays.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein the radicals R.sup.11, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, n and A are as defined herein, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PA-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, IPS or PS-IPS effect.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that, with photo-alignment films, can maintain a favorable voltage holding ratio for a long period of time and prevent generation of image sticking and stains on the display screen. The liquid crystal display device includes: an active-matrix liquid crystal panel; and a backlight, the liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal layer, paired substrates holding the liquid crystal layer in between, and alignment films disposed on the liquid crystal layer side surfaces of the respective substrates, the alignment films each being a photo-alignment film formed from a material exhibiting photo-alignment performance, the liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal material and a radical scavenger.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula T ##STR00001## in which ##STR00002##
and the other parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the compounds of formula T and their use for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

A liquid-crystalline medium having a nematic phase containing one or more compounds of formula D ##STR00001##
the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type and the use of the compounds of formula D for improvement of the contrast and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which contain one or more additional mesogenic compounds, as well as certain compounds of formula D.

A liquid-crystal (LC) media having a negative dielectric anisotropy containing a compound of formula I

##STR00001##

and the use of the LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in energy-efficient LC displays, especially in IPS, FFS, VA or PS-VA displays.

Liquid-crystalline media which can be used, in particular, for electro-optical displays having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB effect and for IPS (in-plane switching) displays or FFS (fringe field switching) displays.

The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and liquid crystalline media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid crystalline displays, especially in liquid crystalline displays of the polymer sustained alignment type.