A liquid-crystalline medium having a nematic phase containing one or more compounds of formula D

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the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type and the use of the compounds of formula D for improvement of the contrast and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which contain one or more additional mesogenic compounds, as well as certain compounds of formula D.

A liquid crystal composition and the use thereof are provided. The liquid crystal composition comprises 15-30% by weight of three or more compounds of general formula I; the general formula I must comprises at least two compounds of general formula I-1; wherein, by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, the total amount of the compounds of general formula I-1 is no lower than 10%, and the content of each of the compounds of general formula I-1 is no higher than 8%. The liquid crystal composition has appropriately high optical anisotropy, higher dielectric anisotropy, lower threshold voltage, suitable elastic constant, suitable temperature range of nematic phase, good reliability and heat stability, and good low-temperature intersolubility. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a liquid crystal mixture characterised in that it comprises one or more photoreactive mesogens of formula I ##STR00001##
wherein the parameters and groups occurring are defined as indicated in claim 1, to a process for the fabrication of liquid crystal displays using these liquid crystal mixtures and to a liquid crystal display obtainable by this process. The invention further relates to new compounds of formula I.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that includes a first substrate having an electrode A formed thereon; a second substrate having an electrode B formed thereon and being disposed to oppose the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and substantially vertically aligned with respect to the first and second substrates when no voltage is applied between electrodes, in which the electrode A has a fishbone pattern having a branched portion, and a space (S m) between adjacent branches of branches of the fishbone pattern and an inter-substrate distance (d m) between the first substrate and the second substrate satisfy a relationship of formula (1):

(d0.6)/1.25<S<(d+1.1)/1.25formula (1)

The new LC media exhibit a ferroelectric nematic phase at ambient temperature. They comprise at least one or more compounds selected from each of formula IA, of formula IB and of the group of formulae IC-1/IC-2/IC-3,

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in which the variable groups have the meanings indicated in the text and in the claims. The mixtures are useful for electro-optics, electronics, electro-mechanic and other applications for materials with very high dielectric permittivity and other energy-saving applications.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula Y ##STR00001##
in which the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the use of the compounds of formula Y for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

LC media and LC displays containing an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy, which contains one or more compounds of formula I in a concentration of >0 and 10%

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and displays addressed by an active matrix and in particular displays of the IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, PS-FFS, HB-FFS, U-IPS, TN, PS-TN, STN or TN-TFT mode.

Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device comprising an array substrate and an opposite substrate arranged facing the array substrate, wherein the structure of said array substrate comprises elongated and evenly spaced slit electrodes and electrode gaps between the slit electrodes, and said opposite substrate comprises a bulk electrode; and further comprises a liquid crystal composition between said array substrate and the opposite substrate. The liquid crystal display device has a higher light transmittance, such that more backlight passes through the liquid crystal display device, resulting in the liquid crystal display device having a higher luminance.

A liquid crystal composition without requiring an alignment film or alignment treatment on a substrate. The problem is solved by a low molecular weight polar compound capable of homogeneously aligning a liquid crystal medium relative to the substrate, for example, a low molecular weight polar compound represented by formula (1):
M-P(1) In formula (1), M is a nonpolar group having 1 or more carbons, and P is a polar group.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula YX

##STR00001## in which
the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the use of the compounds of formula YX for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.