Provided is a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature, a low minimum temperature, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and high stability to heat, or has a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; and an AM device including the composition and having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio or a long service life. The composition contains a specific compound having at least one polymerizable group, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The composition may contain a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component.

The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media (LC media) having negative or positive dielectric anisotropy comprising self-alignment additives (SAMs) with an at least one bifunctional or polyfunctional anchor group, which effects the homeotropic (vertical) alignment of the LC media at a surface or the cell walls of a liquid-crystal display (LC display). The invention therefore also encompasses LC displays having homeotropic alignment of the liquid-crystalline medium (LC medium) without conventional imide alignment layers. The LC media may be supplemented by a polymerizable or polymerized component, which serves for stabilization of the alignment, for adjustment of the tilt angle and/or as passivation layer.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium having a nematic phase comprising one or more compounds of formula X

##STR00001##

wherein the parameters have the meaning given in the text, to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type and to the use of the compounds of formula X for improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds, as well as to the compounds of formula X.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display that incorporates a particular liquid crystal composition and a sealant in which a cured form of a particular curable resin composition is used. The present invention provides a liquid crystal display that prevents reduced voltage holding ratio (VHR) and increased ionic density (ID) in the liquid crystal layer and solves the problems of display defects such as voids, alignment irregularities, and image-sticking. Liquid crystal displays according to the present invention, featuring the ability to prevent reduced voltage holding ratio (VHR) in the liquid crystal layer and reduce the occurrence of display defects such as alignment irregularities and image-sticking, are useful particularly to liquid crystal displays in the IPS and FFS modes for active matrix drive and applicable to liquid crystal displays of equipment such as liquid crystal TVs, monitors, mobile phones, and smartphones.

This invention provides an FFS type liquid crystal display containing one type or two or more types of compounds selected from the group of compounds represented by General Formula (i), General Formula (ii), and General Formula (iii) and one type or two or more types of compounds selected from compounds represented by General Formula (II). This display makes it possible to realize excellent display characteristics without deteriorating various liquid crystal display characteristics such as dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, nematic-phase maximum temperature, nematic-phase stability at low temperatures, or γ.sub.1 and the display burn-in characteristics.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition including at least one compound represented by General Formula (1), at least one compound represented by General Formula (2), and at least one compound represented by General Formula (LC1).

##STR00001##

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention has high refractive index anisotropy (Δn) and sufficiently low viscosity (η), achieves a wide nematic phase temperature range by suppressing a decrease in nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T.sub.ni), and exhibits high compatibility. By using the liquid crystal composition of the present invention in a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal display element having a high response speed and high practical reliability can be obtained.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device including a pair of a substrate arranged opposite to each other, an electrode group disposed on one side or both sides of the pair of substrates facing each other, a plurality of active devices connected to the electrode group, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on each facing side of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by irradiating linearly polarized light to a film obtained from polyamic acid or a derivative thereof having a photoisomerization structure in the main chain or a film being subject to heat-baking so as to provide alignment-controlling capability, and the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal composition having negative (−) dielectric anisotropy. By the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having improved image sticking characteristics and good alignment stability is provided.

Mesogenic compounds of formula I-Z ##STR00001##
are suitable for use in mesogenic media. Such mesogenic media can exhibit a blue phase and comprise component A, consisting of one or more compounds of formula I-Z, and, optionally a component B, consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae
I-M and I-U, ##STR00002##
wherein the parameters are as defined herein. The media can also be stabilized by a polymer. The media can be used in electro-optical light modulation elements and displays.

A liquid crystal display device that prevents a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) and an increase in the ion density (ID) in a liquid crystal layer and that resolves the problems of display defects, such as white streaks, variations in alignment, and image sticking. The liquid crystal display has features of preventing a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) and an increase in the ion density (ID) in a liquid crystal layer and suppressing display defects such as image sticking. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device is particularly useful for active matrix driving liquid crystal display devices with an IPS mode or an FFS mode and can be applied to liquid crystal display devices of, for example, liquid crystal televisions, monitors, cellular phones, and smart phones.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that includes a particular color filter containing a material containing chiral liquid crystals and a particular pigment. The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that can prevent a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and solve the problem of display defects, such as white spots, variations in alignment, and burn-in. Because liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention characteristically prevent a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and reduces the occurrence of display defects, such as burn-in, the liquid crystal display devices are particularly useful as liquid crystal display devices in IPS mode and FFS mode for active-matrix driving and can be applied to household electrical appliances, automobiles, production facilities, measuring and analytical instruments, and communication devices.