An organic electroluminescent element using a compound represented by the following general formula (I) emits dark blue light and has small changes in the chromaticity and in the driving voltage even after driving for a long period of time: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.6; Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2; X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are as defined herein.

The present invention provides an organic thin film light emitting device having high luminous efficiency and durable life realized by using a benzindolocarbazole derivative as represented by either general formula (1-1) or (1-2) given below: [Chemical compound 1] wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.24 may be identical to or different from each other and are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl ether group, aryl thioether group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, silyl group, and —P(═O)R.sup.25R.sup.26; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 represent either an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 may be condensed to form a ring; L.sup.1 to L.sup.4 independently represent a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group; and A.sup.1 to A.sup.4 independently represent an amino group, aryl group, heterocyclic group, or heteroaryl group.

Sealant compositions and methods for their use where the sealant compositions include a curable sealant and a photochromic material that undergoes a feature change upon exposure to radiation.

A lanthanide complex, method of forming and method of using the lanthanide complex as a near-infrared luminescent material are described. The complex includes at least one lanthanide ion and at least one polydentate ligand derived from a molecule having the general formula of Structure 2: ##STR00001## where: E represents a heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group and R.sub.1-R.sub.8 are independently selected from H, —OH, —NH.sub.2, —SO.sub.3H, —CO.sub.2H, halides, optionally substituted organic groups; and conjugated linking groups which link two of the polydentate ligands of Structure 2 together.

The invention relates to purely organic molecules according to formula A without metal center and their use as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and in other optoelectronic devices

##STR00001##

with Y is independently selected from the group consisting of C, PR, S, and S(═O); W is independently selected from the group consisting of C(CN).sub.2, NR, O, and S; X is selected from the group consisting of CR.sup.2, C═C(CN).sub.2, NR, O, and S; Ar is a substituted aryl or heteroaryl group with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is substituted with m same or different radicals R* and with n same or different donor groups D with electron-donating properties, wherein m+n equals the number of substitutable ring atoms and wherein D comprises a structure of formula I:

##STR00002##

wherein A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of CRR′, CR, NR, and N, wherein there is a single of a double bond between A and B and a single or a double bond between B and Z; Z is a direct bond or a divalent organic bridge group selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C9-alkylene group, C2-C8-alkenylene group, C2-C8-alkynylene or arylene group or a combination of these, —CRR′, —C═CRR′, —C═NR, —NR—, —O—, —SiRR′—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O).sub.2—, O-interrupted substituted or unsubstituted C1-C9-alkylene, C2-C8-alkenylene, C2-C8-alkynylene or arylene groups, and phenyl or substituted phenyl units; wherein the waved line indicates the position over which D is bound to Ar.

The present invention relates to a fluorescent polymer cast on the surface of wells of a plate and a plate comprising the fluorescent polymer. The plate is used in a method for calibrating read-out values of plate readers. The method for calibrating the plate readers can effectively reduce the deviation of read-out values among different plate readers.

An organic electroluminescent element includes a hole injection layer (HI), a first hole transport layer (HT1), a second hole transport layer (HT2), and a light-emitting layer containing a host compound (H) and a phosphorescence emitting dopant compound (D), which are laminated in this order, between and an anode and a cathode. The phosphorescence emitting dopant compound has a partial structure represented by Formula (1): ##STR00001## The “highest occupied molecular orbital” HOMO of the second hole transport layer satisfies the expression: −5.4<HOMO (HT2)<−4.8; and the relationship of triplet excitation energies (T1) between the phosphorescence emitting dopant compound and a hole transport material contained in the second hole transport layer satisfies the expression: T1 (HT2)−T1 (D)>0.1.

An amine derivative represented by the following General Formula (1) is provided. ##STR00001##
In the above General Formula (1), Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, at least one of Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 is substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, and L is a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group.

Provided is a display apparatus. The display apparatus may include an organic light-emitting device (OLED) substrate including a structure in which at least one blue emission unit and at least one green emission unit may be stacked and emitting mixed light of blue light and green light; and a color-controlling unit for controlling color of light generated from the OLED substrate.

A material for organic electroluminescent display device includes a luminescent dopant part and an assist dopant part. The luminescent dopant part may have an energy of 2.6 eV or higher to 3.0 eV or lower in an excited singlet state S.sub.1 level. The assist dopant part may have an energy of 2.4 eV or higher to 3.0 eV or lower in the excited singlet state S.sub.1 level. An energy gap ΔE.sub.ST between the excited singlet state S.sub.1 and an excited triplet state T.sub.1 may be 0 eV or larger to 2.0 eV or smaller.