An organic electroluminescence device of an embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the emission layer includes a compound represented by Formula 1, thereby showing excellent emission efficiency properties and long-life characteristics:

##STR00001##

Provided are compounds including a ligand L.sub.A of

##STR00001##

that are useful as emitters in OLEDs, where at least one of R.sup.A and R.sup.B is

##STR00002##

A compound including a first ligand L.sub.A of Formula I,

##STR00001##

is disclosed. In Formula I, ring B is a 5- or 6-membered ring; X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 are each CR.sup.A or N; R is a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, which can be further fused or substituted; and (1) when ring B is an unfused 6-membered ring, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are N, and X.sup.3 is C; and (2) when ring B is a fused 6-membered ring, ring B has the structure of Formula II,

##STR00002##

In this structure, the wavy line indicates the point of connection to ring A; Q.sup.1 to Q.sup.6 are each C or N; and, when proviso (2) applies, (I) at least one of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, and X.sup.3 is N; or (II) R is two or more fused or unfused 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings, or (III) both.

A phosphorescent emitter or delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters represented by Formula I or Formula II, where M is platinum or palladium. ##STR00001##

A compound that emits fluorescence and delayed fluorescence is provided as a material for an organic electroluminescent device of high efficiency, and an organic photoluminescent device and an organic electroluminescent device of high efficiency and high luminance are provided using this compound. The spiro compound of a general formula (1) having an azafluorene ring structure is used as a constituent material of at least one organic layer in an organic electroluminescent device that includes a pair of electrodes, and one or more organic layers sandwiched between the pair of electrodes. ##STR00001##

Platinum, palladium, and gold complexes suitable for use as phosphorescent emitters or as delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters having one of the following structures: ##STR00001##

A method for manufacturing a light emitting material of the constitutional formula ##STR00001##
is provided. The structure is unitary, and the formula weight is determined, and the better solubility and film formation are provided, and the thin film status is stable; it possesses a very high decomposition temperature and a lower sublimation temperature, and is easy to sublime to be light emitting material of high purity, and can be applied for small molecule organic light emitting diode. In the method for manufacturing the light emitting material, p-bromothiophenol and 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile are employed to be starting materials, and an intermediate of the light emitting material is obtained with a series of simple reactions, and finally, the light emitting material is obtained with Ullmann reaction or Suzuki reaction, and these steps are simple and the production is high.

An organic material represented by General Formula (1): where, in General Formula (1), R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 6 carbon atoms or more but 20 carbon atoms or less; n is an integer of from 1 through 3; X1 to X4 are each a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and Z is a compound represented by General Formula (2), (3), or (4) below: where, in General Formulae (2) to (4), R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are each an alkyl group having 6 carbon atoms or more but 20 carbon atoms or less; and Y is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

##STR00001##

A compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.8, R.sup.12 to R.sup.18, R.sup.21 to R.sup.25, R.sup.31 to R.sup.48, L.sup.1 to L.sup.3, and Ar are as defined in the specification, provides a high performance organic electroluminescence device which comprises a cathode, an anode and an organic layer between the cathode and the anode, wherein the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer and at least one layer of the organic layer comprises the compound.

An organogold nonlinear optical chromophore includes gold(I) complexed with a benzothiazolyl-substituted fluorophore and optionally an organophosphine ligand or an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand.