Compounds comprising phosphorescent metal complexes comprising cyclometallated ligands having a structure of

##STR00001##

In the vgs3, each of the E.sup.1 atoms is selected from C and N, except that E.sup.1g is selected from C, N, and S. The E.sup.1 atoms collectively comprise an 18 pi-electron system, provided that E.sup.1a and E.sup.1p are different. The R.sup.1 substituents are each, independently, H, hydrocarbyl, heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl, cyano, fluoro, OR.sup.2a, SR.sup.2a, NR.sup.2aR.sup.2b, BR.sup.2aR.sup.2b, or SiR.sup.2aR.sup.2bR.sup.2c, where the R.sup.2 substituents are each, independently, hydrocarbyl or heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl. Any of the R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 substituents can be linked to form a saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or non-aromatic ring, provided that the R.sup.1 substituents are not present when the corresponding one of E atoms is N or S. Organic light emitting diode devices comprising these compounds are also described.

A compound having a formula M(L.sub.A).sub.x(L.sub.B).sub.y(L.sub.C).sub.z is provided. In the compound of M(L.sub.A).sub.x(L.sub.B).sub.y(L.sub.C).sub.z, ligand L.sub.A is

##STR00001##

ligand L.sub.B is

##STR00002##

and ligand L.sub.C is

##STR00003##

In addition, M is a metal having an atomic mass greater than 40, x is 1, 2, or 3, and y and z are independently 0, 1, or 2. In the compound, Z.sup.5 is carbon or nitrogen; one of Z.sup.1 to Z.sup.4 is nitrogen and three of Z.sup.1 to Z.sup.4 are carbon substituted by R.sup.B, and rings C and D are each independently a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Each R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C, and R.sup.D is independently selected from a group of substituents, where at least one R.sup.B is heteroaryl, which can be further substituted, and any adjacent substitutents are optionally joined or fused into a ring. Formulations and devices, such as OLEDs, that include the first compound are also provided.

Compounds comprising phosphorescent metal complexes comprising cyclometallated imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine and diimidazo[1,2-a:1,2-c]quinazoline ligands, or isoelectronic or benzannulated analogs thereof, are described. Organic light emitting diode devices comprising these compounds are also described.

An organometallic compound represented by Formulae 1, 2, or 3 below: ##STR00001## wherein in Formulae 1, 2, and 3, groups and variables are the same as in the specification.

An electrochromic device includes a compound of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are individually alkyl, alkoxy, or aryloxy; R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 are individually H, alkoxy, or aryloxy; R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are individually alkoxy, or aryloxy, or where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are individually H, alkoxy, or aryloxy; and R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are individually alkyl or (CH.sub.2).sub.nN.sup.+(R.sup.20).sup.3 [X], wherein n is from 1 to 20; each R.sup.20 is individually alkyl; and X is an anion.

A light-emitting element having high emission efficiency is provided. A light-emitting element which has high emission efficiency without using a rare metal as a light-emitting material is provided. A light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The layer contains a first organic compound and a second organic compound. The second organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a substituted or unsubstituted bivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group. The second organic compound further has a benzofuropyrimidine skeleton or a benzothienopyrimidine skeleton. The aromatic hydrocarbon group is bonded to the carbazole skeleton. The aromatic hydrocarbon group is bonded to the benzofuropyrimidine skeleton or the benzothienopyrimidine skeleton. The first organic compound and the second organic compound can form an exciplex.

The present application relates to a spirobifluorene derivative of a specific formula (I) which is suitable for use in electronic devices.

##STR00001##

Provided are a near-infrared II polymer fluorescent microsphere and a method for preparing the same. The method includes steps of 1) dissolving fluorochrome in a water-immiscible organic solvent, thus obtaining a fluorochrome solution; 2) distributing a polymer microsphere into a sodium dodecyl sulfonate solution, thus obtaining a microsphere solution with the polymer microsphere as a carrier for the fluorochrome; 3) subjecting a first mixture of the fluorochrome solution and the microsphere solution to ultrasonic treatment, thus obtaining an emulsion; 4) swelling the emulsion such that the fluorochrome solution enters nanopores formed during swelling of the polymer microsphere, thus obtaining a second mixture; and 5) heating the second mixture to volatilize the organic solvent, such that the fluorochrome is crystallized out and encapsulated in the nanopores, thus obtaining the near-infrared II polymer fluorescent microsphere.

The present invention relates to a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric elastomeric phase and a fluorescent dye. In particular the present invention relates to a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric elastomeric phase and a fluorescent dye, its process of preparation and use. The present invention concerns also objects or articles comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric elastomeric phase and a fluorescent dye. The present invention concerns as well a photovoltaic module comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric elastomeric phase and a fluorescent dye.

The invention relates to organic molecules having a structure of formula 1
AF1-(Separator).sub.m-AF2 Formula 1
wherein:
m is 0 or 1;
AF1 is a first chemical entity, having a conjugated system, in particular at least six conjugated electrons (e.g., in the form of at least one aromatic system);
AF2 is a second chemical entity, having a conjugated system, in particular at least six conjugated electrons (e.g., in the form of at least one aromatic system);
with AF1AF2;
wherein AF1 has a structure of formula 2-1: ##STR00001##
wherein
FG is selected from the group consisting of CR**.sub.2F, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2R**, SF.sub.5, N(CF.sub.3).sub.1, N(CF.sub.3).sub.2, OCF.sub.3, SCF.sub.3 and CF.sub.2CO.sub.2R*;
n=1 to 5;
o=1 to 5;
n+o=5;
p=0 or 1;
R=linking point on the separator, linking point on the chemical entity AF2 or a radical R*;
wherein one R represents a linking point on the separator or on the chemical entity AF2.