Provided are a near-infrared II polymer fluorescent sub-microsphere and a method for preparing the same. The method includes steps of 1) dissolving fluorochrome in a water-immiscible organic solvent, thus obtaining a fluorochrome solution; 2) distributing a polymer sub-microsphere into a sodium dodecyl sulfonate solution, thus obtaining a sub-microsphere solution with the polymer sub-microsphere as a carrier for the fluorochrome; 3) subjecting a first mixture of the fluorochrome solution and the sub-microsphere solution to ultrasonic treatment, thus obtaining an emulsion; 4) swelling the emulsion such that the fluorochrome solution enters nanopores formed during swelling of the polymer sub-microsphere, thus obtaining a second mixture; and 5) heating the second mixture to volatilize the organic solvent, such that the fluorochrome is crystallized out and encapsulated in the nanopores, thus obtaining the near-infrared II polymer fluorescent sub-microsphere.

The present invention provides an organic thin film light emitting device having high luminous efficiency and durable life realized by using a benzindolocarbazole derivative as represented by either general formula (1-1) or (1-2) given below: [Chemical compound 1] wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.24 may be identical to or different from each other and are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl ether group, aryl thioether group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, silyl group, and —P(═O)R.sup.25R.sup.26; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 represent either an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 may be condensed to form a ring; L.sup.1 to L.sup.4 independently represent a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group; and A.sup.1 to A.sup.4 independently represent an amino group, aryl group, heterocyclic group, or heteroaryl group.

A compound comprising a ligand L.sub.A of Formula I,

##STR00001##

where G has a structure of

##STR00002##

is disclosed. In ligand L.sub.A, Ring C is a 5-membered or 6-membered ring; K is a direct bond, O, or S; when K is O or S, X.sup.6 is C; each of R.sup.A, R.sup.B, and R.sup.C is H or a substituent, and can be joined together to form a ring; each of X.sup.1 to X.sup.6 is independently C or N; X.sup.1 is C if it is connected to ring C; the R.sup.B substituents of at least two adjacent ones of X.sup.2 to X.sup.5 are joined to form a ring; and the ligand L.sub.A is complexed to Ir through the two indicated dash lines to form a 5-membered chelate ring. Organic light emitting devices, consumer products, formulations, and chemical structures containing the compounds are also disclosed.

Luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) comprising at least one disubstituted benzoheterodiazole compound of general formula (I), in which: Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom; or an NR.sub.6 group in which R.sub.6 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkyl groups, or from optionally substituted aryl groups; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which are the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom; or are selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkyl groups, optionally containing heteroatoms, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkoxyl groups, optionally substituted phenoxyl groups, or —COOR.sub.7 groups or —OCOR.sub.7 groups in which R.sub.7 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkyl groups, or is a cyano group, provided that when the substituents R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, at least one of the substituents R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represents an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionally substituted phenoxyl group; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, can optionally be linked together so as to form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are linked, a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cyclic ring or a polycyclic system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms such as, for example, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, selenium; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 can optionally be linked together so as to form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are linked, a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cyclic ring or a polycyclic system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms such as, for example, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, selenium; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, which are the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom; or are selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkyl groups, optionally containing heteroatoms, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkoxyl groups, —COOR.sub.7 groups or —OCOR.sub.7 groups in which R.sub.7 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkyl groups, or is a cyano group; or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, can optionally be linked together so as to form, together with the carbon ato

Disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound of general formula (1): in which:—Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom; or an NR.sub.5 group in which R.sub.5 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkyl groups, or from optionally substituted aryl groups;—R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined in the claims. The said disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound of general formula (I) can advantageously be used as a spectrum converter in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) which are in turn capable of improving the performance of photovoltaic devices (or solar devices) selected, for example, from photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), photovoltaic modules (or solar modules) on either a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.

##STR00001##

The thiadiazole represented by formula (2) or (4), when used as a light-emitting material in a light-emitting element, allows the light-emitting element to emit near-infrared light: ##STR00001##
wherein in formulae (2) and (4), each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. There may be a ring formed by a carbon linkage between two adjacent R's.

The present invention is directed to a polyolefin composition comprising carbon black which shows fluorescence when irradiated with UV light. The polyolefin composition of the present invention comprises a polyolefin, carbon black in an amount of 0.25 to 1.0 wt %, an optical brightener in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 wt %, and a UV agent.

The present invention is further directed to a molded article comprising the polyolefin composition of the present invention. The present invention is further directed to a wire or cable comprising an outer layer comprising the polyolefin composition of the present invention. Finally, the present invention is directed to a method for detection of a polyolefin composition by UV light and to a method for detection of a molded article or a wire or cable by UV light.

The present invention relates to a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric elastomeric phase and a fluorescent dye. In particular the present invention relates to a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric elastomeric phase and a fluorescent dye, its process of preparation and use. The present invention concerns also objects or articles comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric elastomeric phase and a fluorescent dye. The present invention concerns as well a photovoltaic module comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric elastomeric phase and a fluorescent dye.

A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

Ar.sub.1-(L.sub.1).sub.a1-Ar.sub.2  Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, L.sub.1, and a1 are the same as described in the specification.

To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I), where Ar.sub.1 is a pyridinium ring having a structure represented by the following general formula (IIa), (IIb), or (IIc), where Ar.sub.2 is a monovalent heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, but Ar.sub.2 is not a pyridinium ring; R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are each independently a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; A is a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; and B.sup.− is a monovalent anion.

##STR00001##