The synthesis and characterization of a platinum (II) terpyridine system tethered with a latent organic dye of rhodamine derivative as colorimetric and fluorescent sensory moiety has been reported to show selective Hg.sup.2+ ion sensing behavior. The interplay of aggregation/de-aggregation behavior of the alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complex and the ring-opening process of rhodamine derivative has been investigated. The spectral change of aggregation NIR emission at 800 nm and rhodamine fluorescence at 585 nm provides a possible ratiometric luminescence measurement. Morphological studies from TEM and SEM images showing nanospherical structures confirmed the aggregation in the absence of Hg.sup.2+ ion.

Disclosed is a benzazole derivative having a heteroaryl group, wherein the benzazole derivative having the heteroaryl group is represented by Chemical Formula 1. Also disclosed is an organic electroluminescence device including an organic layer containing the benzazole derivative having the heteroaryl group: ##STR00001## wherein, each of Z1, X1, X2, X3, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, m1, m2 and q is the same as defined in the specification.

The present disclosure provides a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having general formula (I) and an organic photoelectric apparatus thereof. ##STR00001## where A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3, A.sub.4, A.sub.5, A.sub.6, A.sub.7, and A.sub.8 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, at least one compound having the general formula (II) and at least one compound having the general formula (III), ##STR00002## where Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, and Y.sub.3 are independently selected from C and N; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from C.sub.6-30 aromatic group and C.sub.2-30 heterocyclic aromatic group, ##STR00003## wherein X is selected from any one of oxyl group (O), sulfhydryl group (S), substituted or non-substituted imino group, substituted or non-substituted methylene group, and substituted or non-substituted silicylene group; R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, and R.sub.12 are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, C.sub.1-30 alkyl group, C.sub.6-30 aromatic group, or C.sub.2-30 heterocyclic aromatic group.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for determining the renal glomerular filtration rate or assessing the renal function in a patient in need thereof. The method includes administering a pyrazine compound of Formula I to a patient and monitoring the rate in which the kidneys of the patient eliminate the pyrazine from the systemic circulation of the patient. The pyrazine compound fluoresces when exposed to electromagnetic radiation which is detected using one or more sensors. The rate in which the fluorescence decreases in the patient is used to calculate the renal glomerular filtration rate in the patient.

A display device comprises a light-transmittance-variable panel including a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a first transparent electrode on the first substrate; a second transparent electrode on the second substrate; and an electrochromic layer between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode and containing a viologen compound; and a display panel on one side of the light-transmittance-variable panel and including a plurality of display units and a plurality of transparent units.

Arrangements for phosphorescent blue emissive materials, layers, and devices are provided. The arrangements include a host having first a triplet energy level of at least 2.8 eV and an absolute difference of not more than 0.3 eV between the first singlet and triplet energy levels, and an emitter that includes an emissive transition metal complex and a first triplet energy level of at least 2.7 eV.

A phosphorescent emitter or delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters represented by Formula 1 or Formula II, where M is platinum or palladium.

##STR00001##

A phosphorescent emitter or delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters represented by Formula I or Formula II, where M is platinum or palladium.

##STR00001##

This invention relates to compounds containing heterocycles or azaheterocycles and phenylene or azaphenylene wherein at least one ring is a five-membered ring. These novel compounds are useful as host materials for phosphorescent electroluminescent devices.

The present invention relates to mechanically linked emitter-emitter, host-host, and emitter-host materials. These materials may be useful in organic electroluminescence devices.