A nickel-iron alloy hydrogenation catalyst and a fabricating method thereof are provided. The nickel-iron alloy hydrogenation catalyst has 65 to 95 atomic percent nickel; and 5 to 35 atomic percent of iron, wherein the nickel-iron alloy hydrogenation catalyst is spherical and has an average particle diameter of 180 to 300 nm. The nickel-iron alloy hydrogenation catalyst is present in a non-carrier form. The nickel-iron alloy hydrogenation catalyst can generate a hydrogenation reaction at a low temperature (about 130˜140° C.) and has a high conversion rate (compared to pure nickel catalyst).

Provided is a conversion process for an inferior oil, relating to the field of biomass utilization, energy and chemical industry. The conversion process is carried out in presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of an iron oxide compound, a desulfurization waste agent resulting from use of an iron oxide compound as desulfurizer, and a regeneration product of the desulfurization waste agent, under a controlled molar ratio of iron element to sulfur element. It is found that free radical condensation polymerization of inferior oil during cracking process can be blocked effectively by using carbonylation, and hydrogenation is achieved with active hydrogen produced from the conversion of CO and water. In the conversion process, inferior oil can be, directly converted, thereby increasing liquefaction yield and calorific value of the obtained oils. No large amount of waste water is generated after completion of the conversion.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with nickel nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein dp, the average diameter of nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein dp, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process integrated into refineries, in particular comprising recycling streams from the steam reforming hydrogen production process as the feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch process.

The present disclosure relates to the field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalysts, and discloses a pure phase ε/ε′ iron carbide catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, a preparation method thereof and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) subjecting the nanometer iron powder or a nano-powder iron compound capable of obtaining the nanometer iron powder through in-situ reduction and H.sub.2 to a surface purification treatment at the temperature of 250-510° C.; (2) pretreating the material obtained in the step (1) with H.sub.2 and CO at the temperature of 80-180° C., wherein the molar ratio of H.sub.2/CO is 1.2-2.8:1; (3) carrying out carbide preparation with the material obtained in the step (2), H.sub.2 and CO at the temperature of 180-280° C., wherein the molar ratio of H.sub.2/CO is 1.0-3.0:1. The preparation method has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, simple and convenient operation steps, being capable of preparing the 100% pure phase ε/ε′ iron carbide catalyst having lower selectivity of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 and higher selectivity of effective products.

Fischer-Tropsch process for the synthesis of hydrocarbons by bringing a feedstock including synthesis gas into contact with a catalyst prepared by the following: a porous support is brought into contact with a cobalt metal salt of which the melting point of the cobalt metal salt is between 30 and 150° C. for between 5 minutes and 5 hours, in order to form a solid mixture, the weight ratio of said cobalt metal salt to the porous oxide support being between 0.1 and 1; the solid mixture obtained is heated with stirring under atmospheric pressure at a temperature between the melting point of the cobalt metal salt and 200° C. for a period of time of between 30 minutes and 12 hours; the solid obtained is calcined at a temperature above 200° C. and below or equal to 1100° C.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with iron nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/ω>D≥0.25 d.sub.p/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The disclosed invention relates to a method for restarting a synthesis gas conversion process which has stopped. The synthesis gas conversion process may be conducted in a conventional reactor or a microchannel reactor. The synthesis gas conversion process may comprise a process for converting synthesis gas to methane, methanol or dimethyl ether. The synthesis gas conversion process may be a Fischer-Tropsch process.

A reverse water-gas shift catalyst that can be used at a high temperature is obtained, and a production method thereof is obtained. The reverse water-gas shift catalyst is obtained by at least supporting one or both of nickel and iron as a catalytically active component on a carrier containing a ceria-based metal oxide or a zirconia-based metal oxide as a main component, and a ratio of the carrier to the entire catalyst is 55% by weight or more.

As a hydrocarbon production system that synthesizes hydrocarbons using water and carbon dioxide as raw materials, a hydrocarbon production system capable of producing hydrocarbons by securing hydrogen and carbon monoxide required for hydrocarbon synthesis is provided. In a hydrocarbon production system that produces hydrocarbons from at least water and carbon dioxide, the hydrocarbon production system includes at least an electrolytic reaction unit, a reverse water-gas shift reaction unit, and a hydrocarbon synthesis reaction unit.