The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 200 C. and a final boiling point of at most 300 C. In another aspect the present invention provides a composition and the use of a Fisc- her-Tropsch gasoil fraction according to the invention.

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells with processes for iron and/or steel production. The systems and methods can provide process improvements such as increased efficiency, reduction of carbon emissions per ton of product produced, or simplified capture of the carbon emissions as an integrated part of the system. The number of separate processes and the complexity of the overall production system can be reduced while providing flexibility in fuel feed stock and the various chemical, heat, and electrical outputs needed to power the processes.

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

The present disclosures and inventions relate to a method comprising: a) introducing a natural gas; b) reforming the natural gas; wherein the reforming step comprises contacting the natural gas with steam to produce a syngas; c) converting the syngas to a product mixture comprising at least one olefin and a byproduct comprising a paraffin and a gasoline; wherein the converting step comprises contacting the syngas with a Co/Mn catalyst; and d) converting the byproduct to syngas.

A process for preparing a cobalt-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor includes calcining a loaded catalyst support comprising a catalyst support supporting a cobalt compound. The calcination includes heating the loaded catalyst support over a heating temperature range of 90 C. to 220 C. using (i) one or more high heating rate periods during the heating over the heating temperature range wherein heating of the loaded catalyst support takes place at a heating rate of at least 10 C./minute, and wherein a gas velocity of at least 5 m.sup.3.sub.n/kg cobalt compound/hour is effected over the loaded catalyst support, and (ii) one or more low heating rate periods during the heating over the heating temperature range wherein heating of the loaded catalyst support takes place at a heating rate of less than 6 C./minute. The cobalt compound is thereby calcined, with a cobalt-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor being produced.

Provided is a Fischer Tropsch catalyst prepared according to a process comprising: a. preparing a catalyst precursor by: i. impregnating an alumina catalyst support material with a first solution comprising ammonium metavanadate and phosphoric acid, to obtain a treated catalyst support material; ii. calcining the treated catalyst support material at a temperature of at least 500 C. to obtain a modified catalyst support having a modified support surface area and a pore volume of at least 0.4 cc/g; wherein the modified catalyst support loses no more than 8% of the pore volume when exposed to a water vapor; and iii. contacting the modified catalyst support with a second solution comprising a precursor compound of an active cobalt catalyst component and glutaric acid to obtain the catalyst precursor; and b. reducing the catalyst precursor to activate the catalyst precursor to obtain the Fischer Tropsch catalyst.

A process to make a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst with improved hydrothermal stability, comprising: a. contacting a crystalline oxide material with a solution of a tungsten and a phosphorus to make a tungsten-phosphorus modified support; b. calcining the tungsten-phosphorus modified support at a temperature less than or equal to 750 C. to make a calcined tungsten-phosphorus modified support that has the improved hydrothermal stability and that can be used to support a Co-loaded Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. A Co-loaded Fischer-Tropsch catalyst having improved hydrothermal stability and higher C5+ hydrocarbon productivity is also provided. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process is provided, comprising contacting a gaseous mixture comprising a carbon monoxide and a hydrogen with the Co-loaded Fischer-Tropsch catalyst having the improved hydrothermal stability and higher C5+ productivity, at a pressure of from 0.1 to 3 MPa and at a reaction temperature of from 180 to 260 C., thereby producing a product comprising C5+ hydrocarbons.

Preparation of a catalyst suitable for use in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis reactions using a two step process in which the steps may be performed in either order. In step a), impregnate an iron carboxylate metal organic framework selected from a group consisting of iron-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (Fe-(BTC), Basolite F-300 and/or MIL-100 (Fe)), iron-1,4 benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-101(Fe)), iron fumarate (MIL-88 A (Fe)), iron-1,4 benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-53 (Fe)), iron-1,4 benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-68 (Fe)) or iron azobenzenetetracarboxylate (MIL-127 (Fe)) with a solution of a promoter element selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. In step b) thermally decompose the iron carboxylate metal organic framework under an inert gaseous atmosphere to yield a catalyst that is a porous carbon matrix having embedded therein a plurality of discrete aliquots of iron carbide. If desired, add a step intermediate between steps a) and b) or preceding step b) wherein the metal organic framework is impregnated with an oxygenated solvent solution of a polymerizable additional carbon source and the polymerizable additional carbon source is thereafter polymerized.

Disclosed is a catalyst for methanation reaction producing methane with high conversion by reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide, or a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, or a gas mixture containing these compounds as the main components. The catalyst is prepared by the steps of mixing (A) aqueous zirconia sol with salts of (B) stabilizing element(s), which is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ca and Mg, and (C) iron group element(s), drying and calcining the mixture to obtain a catalyst precursor, and subsequent reduction of the precursor. The catalyst comprises, by atomic %, A: 18-70%, B: 1-20% and C: 25-80% based on the elemental states of the metals. The catalyst is characterized by multiple oxide of tetragonal zirconia structure, in which not only the stabilizing element (s) but also a part of the iron group element(s) is incorporated, and on which the iron group element(s) in the metallic state is supported.

Disclosed is a catalyst for methanation reaction producing methane with high conversion by reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide, or a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, or a gas mixture containing these compounds as the main components. The catalyst is prepared by the steps of mixing (A) aqueous zirconia sol with salts of (B) stabilizing element(s), which is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ca and Mg, and (C) iron group element(s), drying and calcining the mixture to obtain a catalyst precursor, and subsequent reduction of the precursor. The catalyst comprises, by atomic %, A: 18-70%, B: 1-20% and C: 25-80% based on the elemental states of the metals. The catalyst is characterized by multiple oxide of tetragonal zirconia structure, in which not only the stabilizing element(s) but also a part of the iron group element(s) is incorporated, and on which the iron group element(s) in the metallic state is supported.