A catalyst including between 50.0 and 99.8 percent by weight of iron, between 0 and 5.0 percent by weight of a first additive, between 0 and 10 percent by weight of a second additive, and a carrier. The first additive is ruthenium, platinum, copper, cobalt, zinc, or a metal oxide thereof. The second additive is lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, potassium oxide, manganese oxide, or zirconium oxide.

A catalyst including cobalt, a carrier including silica, and a selective promoter including zirconium. The cobalt and the selective promoter are disposed on the surface of the carrier, and the outer surfaces of the active component cobalt and the selective promoter zirconium are coated with a shell layer including a mesoporous material. A method for preparing the catalyst, including: 1) soaking the carrier including silica into an aqueous solution including a zirconium salt, aging, drying, and calcining a resulting mixture to yield a zirconium-loaded carrier including silica; 2) soaking the zirconium-loaded carrier including silica into an aqueous solution including a cobalt salt, aging, drying, calcining a resulting mixture to yield a primary cobalt-based catalyst; 3) preparing a precursor solution of a mesoporous material; and 4) soaking the primary cobalt-based catalyst into the precursor solution of the mesoporous material; and crystalizing, washing, drying, and calcining a resulting mixture.

In a reactor I a catalyst support impregnated with a solution of cobalt nitrate is oxidized at a calcining temperature comprised between 400 C. and 450 C. in order to produce a catalyst precursor comprising cobalt oxides. This catalyst precursor is contacted in reduction reactor A with reducing gas rich in hydrogen and with a low water content, by circulating the flow of reducing gas, so as to reduce the cobalt oxides to Co and to produce water. Water content is reduced to 200 ppmvol of the flow of reducing gas laden with water recovered at the outlet of the reactor A, and at least a part of the flow of reducing gas is recycled to the reactor A. In the process, the reducing gas is maintained at a water content less than 10,000 ppmvol in reactor A.

A process for producing a methane-containing gas mixture includes the steps of: (i) passing a first feed gas mixture including hydrogen and carbon dioxide through a bed of methanation catalyst to react a portion of the hydrogen with at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and form a methane-containing gas mixture containing residual hydrogen, (ii) adding an oxygen-containing gas to the methane-containing gas mixture containing residual hydrogen to form a second feed gas mixture, and (iii) passing the second feed gas mixture through a bed of an oxidation catalyst to react the residual hydrogen and oxygen to form a hydrogen depleted methane-containing gas mixture.

A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process (10) includes feeding gaseous reactants (20) including at least CO, H.sub.2 and C0.sub.2 into a reactor (14) holding an iron-based catalyst. The H.sub.2 and CO are fed in a H.sub.2:CO molar ratio of at least 2:1 and the C0.sub.2 and CO are fed in a C0.sub.2:CO molar ratio of at least 0.5:1. The reactor (14) is controlled at an operating temperature in the range from about 260 C. to about 300 C. A liquid product (22) and a gaseous product (24) including hydrocarbons, CO, H.sub.2, water and C0.sub.2 are withdrawn from the reactor (14).

A structurally promoted precipitated catalyst containing crystalline silica, at least one chemical promoter selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, and iron, the structurally promoted precipitated catalyst comprising maghemite and hematite catalytic phases, and exhibiting a main reduction peak temperature, as determined by TPR, in the range of from about 210 C. to about 350 C. A method of producing the structurally promoted precipitated catalyst is also provided.

A micro-spherical iron-based catalyst and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The catalyst contains a potassium promoter, and at least one transitional metal promoter M which is one or more kinds of metals selected from Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn. It also contains a structure promoter S, which is SiO.sub.2 and/or Al.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein both of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 are modified by MoO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2 and/or ZrO.sub.2. The weight ratio of components is Fe:M:K:S=100:3-50:1-8:3-50, in which the metal components are calculated based on metal elements, the structure promoter is calculated based on oxides. The catalyst is prepared by co-precipitation method.

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO.sub.2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO.sub.2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

In an embodiment, a process of making C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons comprises contacting a feed comprising a methane steam reforming gas and an additional carbon dioxide with a manganese oxide-copper oxide catalyst to produce a product syngas in a contacting zone under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 620 to 650 C.; and converting the product syngas to C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst; wherein the methane steam reforming gas has an initial H.sub.2:CO volume ratio greater than 3; wherein the product syngas has a H.sub.2:CO volume ratio of 1.5 to 3; and wherein the contacting further comprises removing water.

The present invention relates to a mesoporous cobalt-metal oxide catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and a method of preparing the same. The mesoporous cobalt-metal oxide catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of the present invention can very stably maintain the mesoporous structure even under a H.sub.2-rich high-temperature reduction condition and under a reaction condition of the low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, easily transport reactants to the active site of the catalyst due to structural stability, and facilitate the release of heavier hydrocarbon products after production thereof. Additionally, unlike the conventional cobalt-based catalysts which are prepared by adding various co-catalysts for the purpose of improving reducibility, activity, selectivity and increasing thermal stability, etc., the mesoporous cobalt-metal oxide catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can constantly maintain conversion and selectivity at high levels without further requiring co-catalysts and thus it can be very effectively used for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.