Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

The present invention includes a gasifier for gasifying fuels having a container with a top, sidewalls and a bottom for facilitating the gasifying process. One or more open vertical shafts extend downward inside the container for allowing a downdraft or updraft of air and fuel for the gasifying process. A rotating bed is preferably included inside the container and below the one or more shafts for receiving the fuel. The bed rotates essentially perpendicular to the shaft to facilitate even heating and gasifying of the fuel. The bed is further movable relative to the vertical shaft in order to increase or decrease the volume of fuel flow to the fuel.

The biomass gasification device described in this embodiment is equipped with temporary holding sections (10)(20) that temporarily hold and discharge heat carriers (30). The temporary holding section has a vessel (111)(121) and a discharge section (119)(129) for discharging the heat carriers. A baffle (115)(125) within the vessel (111)(121) is provided to form a gap between the main body of the baffle and the interior side wall of the vessel, for the heat carriers (30) to pass through. Alternatively, piping (131)(141) may be provided on the interior side walls of the vessel (111)(121) for passage of the heat carriers.

A method and apparatus for gasifying raw material. The method includes feeding the raw material into an upper part of a fixed-bed gasifier, introducing the raw material from the upper part of the gasifier to a pyrolysis zone of the gasifier to form the fixed-bed and pyrolyzing the raw material in the presence of pyrolysis air to form a pyrolysis product. Introducing the pyrolysis product from the pyrolysis zone to a lower part of the gasifier, introducing primary air countercurrently to the lower part, carrying out a final gasification in a lower part of the gasifier in order to form a gasified gas. Introducing the gasified gas to a catalytic oxidation part and through a catalyst layer of the catalytic oxidation part, and reforming the gasified gas by way of the catalytic oxidation in the presence of reforming air in the catalytic oxidation part, forming a gaseous product.

A dynamic thermochemical module is disclosed which includes an array of reactors, a network of interconnecting pipes and valves connected to each reactor in the array so that every reactor within the array can communicate to one another and other reactors in a different module having the same structure, a plurality of storage tanks connected to each reactor and interconnecting tubes and valves so that an output from each reactor is stored therein and distributed to each reactor in the array, a plurality of sub-functional modules connected to the array of reactors via the network of interconnecting tubes and valves, a plurality of condensers connected to the array of reactors, and a plurality of gas conditioning and storage and distribution sub-modules connected to the outputs of the condensers.

The disclosure provides a system and method for synthesizing ultra-pure hydrogen from biomass waste. The present invention comprises a gasifier, an oils and tars filter, a steam generator, a water gas shift reactor (“WGS”), a heat-exchange two-phase water separator, a scrubber, a hydrogen separator, and fluid conduits in fluid communication with the various system components, which together convert hydrocarbon-based biomass, e.g., woodchips, into ultra-pure hydrogen gas. Fluid conduits connect the gasifier and the steam generator, separately, to the WGS, the WGS to the two-phase separator, the two-phase separator to the scrubber, and the scrubber to the hydrogen separator, which further comprises an outlet port through which hydrogen gas may flow free of carbon monoxide. The hydrogen may flow to a device that utilizes hydrogen to generate energy, such as a hydrogen fuel cell or to an internal combustion engine.

This invention relates to a method and a reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock material. The method includes the steps of choke-feeding a carbonaceous feedstock material into a pyrolysis zone of the reactor to form a discharge bed; heating the discharge bed to initiate pyrolysis of the feedstock material to form a pyrolysis product; providing a lower lying upper oxidation zone; gasifying the pyrolysis product to form a bed of char; converting thermal energy into chemical energy in an upper reduction zone; providing a lower lying lower oxidation zone; collecting any metal slag and/or slag melts in the lower oxidation zone; and discharging hot reducing gases having a temperature of at least 1300° C. and a CO/CO.sub.2 ratio of ≥5, more preferably ≥15.

This invention relates to a method and a reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock material. The method includes the steps of choke-feeding a carbonaceous feedstock material into a pyrolysis zone of the reactor to form a discharge bed; heating the discharge bed to initiate pyrolysis of the feedstock material to form a pyrolysis product; providing a lower lying upper oxidation zone; gasifying the pyrolysis product to form a bed of char; converting thermal energy into chemical energy in an upper reduction zone; providing a lower lying lower oxidation zone; collecting any metal slag and/or slag melts in the lower oxidation zone; and discharging hot reducing gases having a temperature of at least 1300° C. and a CO/CO.sub.2 ratio of ≥5, more preferably ≥15.

A downdraft fixed-bed gasifier for producing product gas from pourable biomass particles includes a gasifier container, a gasifier component, a feeder, an air supply inlet, a grate and a product gas vent. The gasifier container has a larger diameter than does the gasifier component. The lower open end of the gasifier component extends down into the gasifier container. The feeder is adapted to receive biomass particles into the upper closed end of the gasifier component. Combustion air is fed into the gasifier component through the air supply inlet located near the upper closed end. The grate supports the biomass particles and is disposed in a lower portion of the gasifier container below the lower open end of the gasifier component. Product gas generated from oxidizing the biomass particles exits the gasifier container through the product gas vent located in the side of the container below the level of the grate.

A downdraft fixed-bed gasifier for producing product gas from pourable biomass particles includes a gasifier container, a gasifier component, a feeder, an air supply inlet, a grate and a product gas vent. The gasifier container has a larger diameter than does the gasifier component. The lower open end of the gasifier component extends down into the gasifier container. The feeder is adapted to receive biomass particles into the upper closed end of the gasifier component. Combustion air is fed into the gasifier component through the air supply inlet located near the upper closed end. The grate supports the biomass particles and is disposed in a lower portion of the gasifier container below the lower open end of the gasifier component. Product gas generated from oxidizing the biomass particles exits the gasifier container through the product gas vent located in the side of the container below the level of the grate.