This invention relates to cleaning the induction systems, the combustion chambers and exhaust systems of internal combustion engines. And, more particularly, to chemicals and mixtures of chemicals for removing the different types of carbon deposits encountered in internal combustion engines used in “road vehicles”. Carbon deposits were taken from the induction systems of these road vehicles for the purpose of bench testing such carbon and product development. More specifically, chemicals (i.e., solvents) and chemical mixes (i.e., solutions) have been accurately tested on such harvested carbon deposits for their ability to remove the various types of carbon deposits that accumulate within road vehicle internal combustion engines. Additionally this invention also relates to apparatus for delivering chemicals and chemical mixes. Which includes those developed by applicant, as well as those prior art products marketed for carbon removal, to the induction system of vehicles to maximize the effectiveness of the chemical delivery.

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R.sup.5 is hydrogen.

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The testing of various chemicals has yielded new chemicals and chemical mixtures for the use of removing carbon deposits from the internal combustion engine. Some of these chemicals and chemical mixtures have proven to work better across many different carbon types than other chemicals that were tested. These chemical terpenes are typically produced from plants. One standard terpene mixture is known as turpentine. The chemical turpentine and chemicals found in turpentine have been determined, through our research and testing, to be extremely effective at removing the carbon that is produced within the internal combustion engine.

A method for the continuous production of an improved diesel fuel, having enhanced ignition characteristics, more particularly with a greater electric conductivity, enhanced cetane numbers and lubricity and with greater percentage of complete combustion, resulting in less soot production and NOx reduction at the same time in an internal combustion diesel engine, breaking the tradeoff in the emission of those two pollutants from an internal combustion diesel engine.

GDI deposit fluidizing additives, liquid fuel compositions including such additives and methods that improve a liquid fuel composition's GDI performance are provided. A liquid fuel composition may include a major amount of a base gasoline fuel; and 1 to 500 ppm of one or more polyether monohydroxy compounds, with the proviso that the liquid fuel composition is essentially free of fuel detergent additives. The liquid fuel composition provides at least 10% lower particulate emission as a function of time relative to a comparable liquid fuel composition not including the one or more polyether monohydroxy compounds. The GDI deposit fluidizing enhancing additive may include polyether monohydroxy compounds with the butane oxide and propene oxide in a variety of ratios and randomly distributed in the additive.

Disclosed are multifunctional compounds represented by structural formula (I):

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methods of producing compounds represented by structural formula (I) and their use in inhibiting corrosion in corrodible material.

Diesel fuel composition comprising a diesel base fuel and at least one blowing agent wherein the blowing agent is selected from ester compounds, oxalate compounds and diazene compounds and wherein the blowing agent has a solubility in diesel base fuel at 25° C. of 100 mg/kg or greater, a decomposition temperature in the range from 50° C. to 300° C. as measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and wherein the diesel fuel composition has an evaporation rate of greater than that of the diesel base fuel as measured by acoustic levitation.

A gasoline fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and an alcohol or formula H(OR).sub.nOR.sup.1, wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer; wherein n is not O when R.sup.1 is hydrogen.

A Liquid, comprising an hydrophobic flavonoid derivative electrochemically non-active, that is capable of restoring its electrochemical activity, the concentration of the flavonoid derivative being 10 ppm by weight or less, and an organic substance in an amount of 90% by weight or more.

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I):

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wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R.sup.5 is hydrogen.