A composition of fuel additives includes at least a first additive having a partial ester derivative of polyols and a second additive having a quaternary ammonium salt. The first additive includes at least 50% by mass of a compound A selected from the partial esters of polyols and saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic C.sub.4 to C.sub.36 monocarboxylic aliphatic hydrocarbarbons, the partial esters being able to be used alone or in a mixture. The disclosure also relates to a diesel fuel including such a composition and the use of the fuel for limiting the deposits in a diesel engine. In particular, the disclosure relates to the use of the fuel containing the composition of additives of the present disclosure in direct-injection diesel engines.

Novel compounds can be used as additive packages for improving the cleanliness of direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines.

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to diesel fuel emulsions, a process to make them and the use thereof in a combustion process. The emulsions are comprise a surfactant of formula ##STR00001##
wherein R is a C5-C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, A is ##STR00002##
or CH.sub.2, each X, independently, is H, COOM or SO.sub.3M, with at least one X in the molecule being COOM or SO.sub.3M, each R.sup.2, independently, is H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2H.sub.5, k=0-3, each m, independently, is about 2-6, each n, independently, is about 1-6 and the alkylene formed when n>1 may be substituted with alkyl groups, o=0-40, and each M, independently, is selected from H and any cation M.sup.+.

A compound represented by the formula:

##STR00001## wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of (i) substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with C=0 to 12 inclusive; wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl groups and hydrogen; wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl groups and hydrogen; and wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may optionally be bridged by a polymethylene group to form a cycloalkyl; wherein when C=0 in R, the combined group R.sup.1 R.sup.2 is the same as the combined group R.sup.3 R.sup.4; and wherein when C=1 in R, each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are hydrogen.

Methods of making antidegradant compounds are disclosed in which a p-phenylenediamine is reacted with a dicarbonyl to thereby obtain a diimine, which is reduced to obtain mixtures comprising the antidegradant compound.

Antidegradant compounds are disclosed, and methods of making them, that are represented by the formula I:

##STR00001## wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen.

Also disclosed are diimine intermediates corresponding to formula III:

##STR00002## wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen. These intermediates themselves exhibit antidegradant activity.

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R.sup.5 is hydrogen.