The present invention describes alkoxylated amines as fuel additives for reducing injector deposits in direct injection gasoline engines.

A method of improving the low temperature properties of a middle distillate fuel composition comprising: (a) a nitrogen-containing dispersant; and (b) one or more low temperature property enhancers which are not fumarate vinyl ester copolymers and which are selected from (x) wax antisettling additives; (y) middle distillate flow improvers and mixtures thereof; the method comprising adding to the fuel an additive (c) which is a copolymer comprising units of formula (A): and units of formula (B): wherein R is an alkyl group and each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to diesel fuel emulsions, a process to make them and the use thereof in a combustion process. The emulsions are comprise a surfactant of formula

##STR00001##

wherein R is a C5-C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, A is

##STR00002##

or CH.sub.2, each X, independently, is H, COOM or SO.sub.3M, with at least one X in the molecule being COOM or SO.sub.3M, each R.sup.2, independently, is H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2H.sub.5, k=0-3, each m, independently, is about 2-6, each n, independently, is about 1-6 and the alkylene formed when n>1 may be substituted with alkyl groups, o=0-40, and each M, independently, is selected from H and any cation M.sup.+.

Technologies for combusting hazardous compounds such as chemical warfare agents and related compounds are disclosed. In embodiments, the technologies include systems and methods for combusting such compounds in an internal combustion engine, such as a spark ignition internal combustion engine, a diesel engine, or the like. The technologies described herein further include components for treating an exhaust gas stream produced by combustion of hazardous compounds. In embodiments such components include a scrubber that utilizes a scrubbing media such as soil to removing acid gases from the exhaust stream.

The present disclosure relates to a gas hydrate inhibitor composition comprising A) a compound according to formula (1)

##STR00001##

wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R3 is present or not as hydrogen and organic moieties having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R4 is selected from —(CH2)t-, —[(CH2-CHR6)t]-, —(CH2-CHR6O)u-(CH2)t- and combinations thereof; R5 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; R6 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R7 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R8 is present or not as hydrogen or organic moieties having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; t is 2, 3 or 4; u is an integer between 0 and 100; n is 0 or 1 m is 0 or 2 o is 0 or 2 p is 0 or 1 X− is an anion, and and a a synergistic surfactant which is selected from the group consisting of N-acylated polyhydroxyalkylamines and a method of using the gas hydrate inhibitor composition.

The present disclosure relates to a gas hydrate inhibitor composition comprising from an amphiphile having a hydrophobic tail linked to a hydrophilic head group by a linking moiety, the amphiphile having the general formula (1)

[R.sup.5-L-N(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)].sup.+X.sup.−  (1) wherein each of R.sup.1and R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or wherein the nitrogen atom and the R.sup.1and R.sup.2 groups together form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; R.sup.3 is present or not as hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms which optionally bears a hydroxy group or a carboxy group in the 2-position; L is a linking moiety comprising an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having at least 2 adjacent carbon atoms, at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and optionally one or more further heteroatoms; R.sup.5 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; and X.sup.− is present as an anion when R.sup.3 is present; and

from a cationic surfactant which is selected from di(C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl)dimethyl ammonium salts.

The present disclosure relates to a gas hydrate inhibitor composition, comprising A) a compound according to formula (1)

##STR00001##

wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R3 is present or not as hydrogen and organic moieties having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R4 is selected from —(CH.sub.2).sub.t—, —[CH.sub.2—CHR.sup.6).sub.t]—, —(CH.sub.2—CHR.sup.6O).sub.u—(CH.sub.2).sub.t— and combinations thereof; R5 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; R6 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R7 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R8 is present or not as hydrogen or organic moieties having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; t is 2, 3 or 4; u is an integer between 0 and 100; n is 0 or 1 m is 0 or 2 o is 0 or 2, p is 0 or 1 X.sup.− is an anion, and B) a compound that is a synergistic surfactant which comprises an quaternary alkyl ammonium compound.

The present disclosure relates to a gas hydrate inhibitor composition comprising an amphiphile having a hydrophobic tail linked to a hydrophilic head group by a linking moiety, the amphiphile having the general formula (1)

[R.sup.5-L-N(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)].sup.+X.sup.−  (1) wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or wherein the nitrogen atom and the R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 groups together form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; R.sup.3 is present or not as hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms which optionally bears a hydroxy group or a carboxy group in the 2-position; L is a linking moiety comprising an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having at least 2 adjacent carbon atoms, at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and optionally one or more further heteroatoms; R.sup.5 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; and X.sup.− is present as an anion when R.sup.3 is present; and a cationic surfactant which is selected from quaternary benzyl ammonium salts having besides the benzyl group at least one C.sub.8-C.sub.18-alkyl group bound to the nitrogen atom and a method of using the gas hydrate inhibitor composition.

The present disclosure relates to a gas hydrate inhibitor composition, comprising A) a compound according to formula (1)

##STR00001##

wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R3 is present or not as hydrogen and organic moieties having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R4 is selected from —(CH.sub.2).sub.t—, —[CH.sub.2—CHR.sup.6).sub.t]—, —(CH.sub.2—CHR.sup.6O).sub.u—(CH.sub.2).sub.t— and combinations thereof; R5 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; R6 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R7 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R8 is present or not as hydrogen or organic moieties having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; t is 2, 3 or 4; u is an integer between 0 and 100; n is 0 or 1 m is 0 or 2 o is 0 or 2, p is 0 or 1 X.sup.− is an anion, and a synergistic cationic surfactant which is selected from quaternary benzyl ammonium salts having besides the benzyl group at least one C.sub.8-C.sub.18-alkyl group bound to the nitrogen atom.

The present disclosure relates to a gas hydrate inhibitor composition comprising an amphiphile having a hydrophobic tail linked to a hydrophilic head group by a linking moiety, the amphiphile having the general formula (1)

[R.sup.5-L-N(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)].sup.+X.sup.−  (1) wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or wherein the nitrogen atom and the R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 groups together form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; R.sup.3 is present or not as hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms which optionally bears a hydroxy group or a carboxy group in the 2-position; L is a linking moiety comprising an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having at least 2 adjacent carbon atoms, at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and optionally one or more further heteroatoms; R.sup.5 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; and X.sup.− is present as an anion when R.sup.3 is present; and a nonionic surfactant which is selected from alkoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.18 fatty alcohols, alkoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.18 fatty amines, alkoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.18 fatty acids and alkoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.18 fatty acid amides and a method of using the gas hydrate inhibitor composition.