A carrier fluid or fluidizer for use in fuel performance additives or fuels including such additives is described herein. The novel carrier fluids include a unique blend of alkoxylated alcohols or polyols providing unexpected performance improvements to fuel performance additives and fuels incorporating the additives. The carrier fluids, when combined with at least a detergent, provide desired valve stick performance and unexpectedly improve the intake valve deposit performance at the same time.

Quaternary ammonium salts of formula: wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms, R together with N forms an aliphatic or aromatic heterocycle having less than 12 carbons atoms and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarhyl group. The use of these compounds as fuel or lubricant additives, especially as diesel fuel additives,

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

A stabilized composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, such as JP-8, and a fuel additive, wherein the fuel additive comprises a graphitic carbon compound functionalized with a plurality of alkyl groups, wherein at least one alkyl group at each site of alkyl functionalization on the graphitic carbon compound has 8 or more carbon atoms, for example, poly(octadecyl)-graphene oxide. A method of increasing the energy density of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel involving adding to the fuel one or more alkyl-functionalized graphitic carbon compounds. The stabilized composition is useful for enhancing the properties of combustion processes, including energy density, thrust, flame speed, or a combination thereof, without introducing undesirable combustion effects, emissions, or combustion signature.

A fuel additive concentrate for gasoline, a gasoline fuel containing an additive mixture, a method for reducing wear in an engine and in a fuel delivery system of a gasoline engine, and a method for improving injector performance. The additive concentrate includes an aromatic solvent and a mixture that contains (i) N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkylamide, (ii) 2-((2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)ethyl alkanoate and N-(2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)alkylamide, and (iii) fatty acid ester(s) and amide(s) derived from a self-condensation product of diethanolamine (DEA) containing at least 3 amino groups. A weight ratio of (i) to (ii) to (iii) in the concentrate ranges from about 8:2:0 to about 2:5:3. The fuel additive mixture is substantially devoid of glycerin and remains fluid at a temperature down to about 20 C.

A fuel additive concentrate for gasoline, a gasoline fuel containing an additive mixture, a method for reducing wear in an engine and in a fuel delivery system of a gasoline engine, and a method for improving injector performance. The additive concentrate includes an aromatic solvent and a mixture that contains (i) N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkylamide, (ii) 2-((2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)ethyl alkanoate and N-(2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)alkylamide, and (iii) fatty acid ester(s) and amide(s) derived from a self-condensation product of diethanolamine (DEA) containing at least 3 amino groups. A weight ratio of (i) to (ii) to (iii) in the concentrate ranges from about 8:2:0 to about 2:5:3. The fuel additive mixture is substantially devoid of glycerin and remains fluid at a temperature down to about 20 C.

The composition of the present invention related to a quaternary ammonium salt detergent and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce diesel injector deposits and remove or clean up existing deposits on the diesel injectors.