Improved fuel compositions and fuel additive packages which serve to prolong stability at various ambient conditions and to increase fuel efficiency and fuel economy while also significantly reducing the level of multiple emissions constituents generated upon combustion of the fuels including CO.sub.2, NO.sub.x, SO.sub.x, Particulate Matter PM2.5, PM10 and Black Carbon. The fuels may include the hydrocarbon fuels gasolines, diesel fuels, biodiesel fuels, biomass diesel fuels, renewable fuels, synthetic fuels, algae-based fuels, kerosene fuel or heavy fuel oils, or may alternatively be hydrosols, and include an additive package having a sorbitan oleate, a polyoxyethylene alcohol, an alkylene glycol, and an amine. The fuels are mixed with an additive and are emulsified with clean, soft water having a water quality of 1 micron or less.

The disclosure relates to fuel additive compositions including heavy paraffinic distillates and lighter petroleum distillates, in particular with the heavy paraffinic distillates including a mixture of hydrotreated and/or saturated components and solvent-dewaxed and/or branched components. The disclosure further relates to fuel compositions including the fuel additive composition and a liquid or solid combustible fuel. Related methods include methods of making the fuel compositions and methods of burning the fuel compositions. The resulting fuel compositions have several improved combustion properties such as improved combustion efficiency, improved combustion energy/calorie content, reduced sulfur generation, and reduced ash generation.

A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, RNO.sub.2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.

A light fraction fuel composition for compression-ignited engines comprises about 25 v/v % to about 50 v/v % commercial diesel fuel; about 40 v/v % to about 69 v/v % straight run heavy naphtha about 5 v/v % to about 10 v/v % n-butanol; and about 0.2 v/v % to about 1.7 v/v % 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate. The relative percentages of commercial diesel fuel and straight run heavy naphtha are controlled to obtain a cetane number of at least 51 for a selected engine.

The testing of various chemicals has yielded new chemicals and chemical mixtures for the use of removing carbon deposits from the internal combustion engine. Some of these chemicals and chemical mixtures have proven to work better across many different carbon types than other chemicals that were tested. These chemical terpenes are typically produced from plants. One standard terpene mixture is known as turpentine. The chemical turpentine and chemicals found in turpentine have been determined, through our research and testing, to be extremely effective at removing the carbon that is produced within the internal combustion engine.

This invention relates to cleaning the induction systems, the combustion chambers and exhaust systems of internal combustion engines. And, more particularly, to chemicals and mixtures of chemicals for removing the different types of carbon deposits encountered in internal combustion engines used in road vehicles. Carbon deposits were taken from the induction systems of these road vehicles for the purpose of bench testing such carbon and product development. More specifically, chemicals (i.e., solvents) and chemical mixes (i.e., solutions) have been accurately tested on such harvested carbon deposits for their ability to remove the various types of carbon deposits that accumulate within road vehicle internal combustion engines. Additionally this invention also relates to apparatus for delivering chemicals and chemical mixes. Which includes those developed by applicant, as well as those prior art products marketed for carbon removal, to the induction system of vehicles to maximize the effectiveness of the chemical delivery.

The present invention relates to an additive for fuels such as diesel fuel and fuel oil, used respectively for diesel engines and boilers of various types, comprising a metal oxidation catalyst, an organic nitrate and a dispersing agent in suitable ratios, capable of improving combustion efficiency in such a way as to reduce the formation of particulate matter and consumption.

A method can include: mixing two or more feedstocks to produce a distillate product; optionally adding a cetane improver to the distillate product; collecting the distillate product in a tank; extracting a distillate product sample from the distillate product after mixing and before collecting in the tank; measuring a derived cetane number and/or a indicated cetane number (DCN/ICN) for the distillate product sample with an online DCN/ICN analyzer; communicating the DCN/ICN to a plant distributed control system; calculating an integrated DCN/ICN for the cumulative distillate product in the tank based on the measured DCN/ICN, previously measured DCN/ICN for portions of the distillate product in the tank, and process variables related to the mixing and cetane improver; and adjusting one or more of the process variables based on the integrated DCN/ICN.

A fuel for a combustion engine includes from about 95.0% to about 99.9% by weight of a liquid water/alcohol mixture, in which water makes up from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the mixture, and from about 0.01% to about 5.0% by weight of an alkyl nitrate.

The disclosure relates to fuel additive compositions including heavy paraffinic distillates and lighter petroleum distillates, in particular with the heavy paraffinic distillates including a mixture of hydrotreated and/or saturated components and solvent-dewaxed and/or branched components. The disclosure further relates to fuel compositions including the fuel additive composition and a liquid or solid combustible fuel. Related methods include methods of making the fuel compositions and methods of burning the fuel compositions. The resulting fuel compositions have several improved combustion properties such as improved combustion efficiency, improved combustion energy/calorie content, reduced sulfur generation, and reduced ash generation.