The invention relates to oil-in-water (water continuous) emulsions that can be used as fuels, and which have high static and dynamic stability, to a process for their preparation, and to fuel compositions comprising such emulsions.

The present invention relates to a copolymer obtainable by copolymerization of (A) at least one unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, (B) at least one -olefin having from at least 6 up to and including 20 carbon atoms, (C) optionally at least one C.sub.3- to C.sub.20-alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a mixture of such alkyl esters and (D) optionally one or more further copolymerizable monomers other than monomers (A), (B) and (C), with a molar incorporation ratio of (A):(B):(C):(D) of 1:0.5 to 2.0:0 to less than 0.5:0 to 0.1 followed by the reaction with at least one dialkylamine (E), where the two alkyl radicals in the at least one dialkylamine (E) are independently alkyl radicals having at least 17 up to 30 carbon atoms.

The present invention relates to a copolymer obtainable by copolymerization of (A) at least one unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, (B) at least one -olefin having from at least 6 up to and including 20 carbon atoms, (C) optionally at least one C.sub.3- to C.sub.20-alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a mixture of such alkyl esters and (D) optionally one or more further copolymerizable monomers other than monomers (A), (B) and (C), with a molar incorporation ratio of (A):(B):(C):(D) of 1:0.5 to 2.0:0 to less than 0.5:0 to 0.1 followed by the reaction with at least one dialkylamine (E), where the two alkyl radicals in the at least one dialkylamine (E) are independently alkyl radicals having at least 17 up to 30 carbon atoms.

Amine alkenyl substituted succinimide reaction product compositions including the reaction products of (1) an amine component including at least one multifunctional amine of structure (1): ##STR00001##
wherein each R is independently H or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2; R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2, C1-C21 alkyl, or C2-C21 alkenyl; n is 2; and m is 1 or 2 and (2) an alkenyl substituted anhydride. Additive compositions, fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods for reducing deposit formations in a fuel system are also disclosed.

Amine alkenyl substituted succinimide reaction product compositions including the reaction products of (1) an amine component including at least one multifunctional amine of structure (1): ##STR00001##
wherein each R is independently H or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2; R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2, C1-C21 alkyl, or C2-C21 alkenyl; n is 2; and m is 1 or 2 and (2) an alkenyl substituted anhydride. Additive compositions, fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods for reducing deposit formations in a fuel system are also disclosed.

Mannich base compositions include the reaction products of (1) an amine component including at least one multifunctional amine of structure (1): ##STR00001##
wherein each R is independently H or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2; R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2, C1-C21 alkyl, or C2-C21 alkenyl; n is 2; and m is 1 or 2, with (2) an alkyl substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and (3) and aldehyde. The Mannich base compositions are useful for fuel additives and other articles. Additive compositions, fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods for reducing deposit formations in a fuel system are also disclosed.

Mannich base compositions include the reaction products of (1) an amine component including at least one multifunctional amine of structure (1): ##STR00001##
wherein each R is independently H or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2; R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2, C1-C21 alkyl, or C2-C21 alkenyl; n is 2; and m is 1 or 2, with (2) an alkyl substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and (3) and aldehyde. The Mannich base compositions are useful for fuel additives and other articles. Additive compositions, fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods for reducing deposit formations in a fuel system are also disclosed.

There is disclosed an antifoam component which includes at least one acrylamide polymer for use in a diesel fuel. Acrylamide polymers prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer to yield a homopolymer or, alternatively, the acrylamide polymer may be prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer to yield a heteropolymer.

The invention relates to the use, in order to prevent deposits at low temperature on the fuel intake valves in indirect injection spark ignition engines, of one or more copolymer(s) comprising: at least one unit of following formula (I):

##STR00001## and units of following formula (II):

##STR00002##

The copolymers according to the invention are very particularly effective in preventing and/or cleaning the deposits on the valves while preventing the latter from sticking at low temperature.

A fuel additive composition, including: (a) one or more copolymer(s) including: at least one unit of the following formula (I), where u=0 or 1, E=-O or N(Z), or OCO, or COO or NHCO or CONH, where Z represents H or a C1-C6 alkyl group, G represents a group selected between a C1-C34 alkyl group, aromatic ring, aralkyl including at least one aromatic ring and at least one C1-C34 alkyl group, and at least one unit of the following formula (II), where R1 is selected between a hydrogen atom and a methyl group, Q is selected between an oxygen atom and a group NR, where R is selected between a hydrogen atom and C1-C12 hydrocarbon chains, R includes a C1-C34 hydrocarbon chain substituted with at least one quaternary ammonium, (b) one or more amines substituted with a polyalkenyl group, and (c) at least one carrier oil.