The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

The present technology is related to imidazole containing quaternary ammonium salts and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the compositions.

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

The present technology is related to branched amine containing quaternary ammonium salts, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel and oil compositions.

The present invention discloses a gasoline efficacy promoter (GEP) boosting combustion efficiency of gasoline in internal combustion engines by a mechanism of micro-dissociation comprising a microemulsion of modified bio-carbon, a surfactant, water, a modified vegetable oil and a dispersant, and a method of making it. The gasoline efficacy promoter, environmentally friendly and stable for longer than six months, can increase the combustion efficiency by more than 10%, and reduce 80% of NO.sub.x formation in exhaust emission when an appropriate dosage is added to a fuel tank in a vehicle.

Methods are provided for determining the compatibility of various grades of fuel oils, as well as methods for modifying fuel oils to improve compatibility and improved compatibility compositions. It has been discovered that the toluene equivalent solvation power of a blend of fuel oils does not vary in a straightforward manner with respect to the toluene equivalent solvation power of the individual blend components. Instead, it has been determined that the asphaltene content of the individual components can also influence the toluene equivalent solvation power of the final blend. Based on this discovery, methods are provided that can allow for modification of one or more components of a potential fuel oil blend. This can reduce and/or minimize the likelihood of asphaltene precipitation when a fuel oil blend is formed.

The present invention discloses polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid and a 5 hydrocarbon fuel additive composition comprising the same. The said polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid is made by mixing a sulphonyl oleic acid with at least one polyethyleneamine. Wherein, the sulphonyl oleic acid is selected from at least one of (9Z)-8-sulfo-octadec-9-enoic acid or (9Z)-11-sulfo-octadec-9-enoic acid. The at least one polyethyleneamine is selected from triethylenetetramine (TETA), or diethylenetriamine 0 (DETA), pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 1,1,1-Tris(aminomethyl)ethane, or cyclen. The hydrocarbon fuel additive composition is made of polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid and a cosolvent system consisting of sulphonyl oleic acid and dioxane. Wherein, the said hydrocarbon fuel additive composition acts as a dual functional additive and synergistically improves the conductivity as well as 5 lubricity of a hydrotreated diesel fuel.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polyisobutyl benzene sulfonate comprising the steps of alkylation of benzene with a terminal unsaturated polyisobutene to produce a polyisobutyl benzene, sulfonation of the polyisobutyl benzene to produce a polyisobutyl benzene sulfonic acid, and neutralizing the polyisobutyl benzene sulfonic acid to produce a polyisobutyl benzene sulfonate. The invention also relates to the polyisobutyl benzene sulfonate, the polyisobutyl benzene sulfonic acid, the polyisobutyl benzene, and to a lubricant comprising the polyisobutyl benzene sulfonate, to a fuel comprising the polyisobutyl benzene sulfonate, and to a use of the polyisobutyl benzene sulfonate as lubricant additive or fuel additive.

The present disclosure is directed to fuel compositions comprising a polar based continuous phase comprising a liquid ammonia with a concentration greater than about 81% by v/v of total polar phase; and a non-polar based discontinuous phase comprising one or more of a frozen hydrocarbon, a viscous liquid hydrocarbon, and a liquefied volatile hydrocarbon, wherein the fuel composition has a droplet size ranging from about 100 nm to about 250 m. Further, the disclosure provides for systems and methods for using the fuel compositions.

A method for powering a diesel engine with a fuel emulsion involves preparing the fuel emulsion by emulsifying a fuel and water in the presence of an emulsifier package, which contains an anionic surfactant selected from sulfates and sulfonates. The emulsifier package for emulsifying a fuel and water and the fuel emulsion for powering a diesel engine are also provided.