Provided herein is a composition used for a clutch of an automatic transmission. The composition improves fuel economy and abrasion resistance by enhancing a frictional property of a clutch and improving efficiency of the automatic transmission.

An aqueous lubricant for metal material plastic working, which can form a lubricating coating having excellent lubricity (moisture absorption resistance) under a high humidity environment, seizure resistance to metal working with high difficulty, and the like, and further has excellent long-term agent stability; a metal material having a lubricating coating formed by the aqueous lubricant on/over a surface of the metal material; and a metal processed article obtained by molding the metal material are provided. The above problem can be solved by using an aqueous lubricant for metal material plastic working in which an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid having 5 to 8 carbon atoms and a solubility in water at 20 C. of 10 g/100 mL or more and an alkaline earth metal compound are blended in water, or an alkaline earth metal salt of the aliphatic polycarboxylic acid is dissolved or dispersed in water.

The lubricating oil composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity, one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group or ester functional group the compound represented by

##STR00001##

each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 is independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group; at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbyl group; and a poly alkylene glycol represented by

##STR00002##

each R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 is independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group and n is from 5 to 1000.

The lubricating oil composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity, one or more compounds containing a carboxylic acid functional group or ester functional group the compound represented by

##STR00001##

each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 is independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group; at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbyl group; and a poly alkylene glycol represented by

##STR00002##

each R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 is independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group and n is from 5 to 1000.

A hydrocarbon and water emulsion comprising at least one copper salt of a carboxylic acid.

A hydrocarbon and water emulsion comprising at least one copper salt of a carboxylic acid.

The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants.

A method for preventing degradation of physical and chemical properties, and for increasing lubricity, of a hydrocarbon and water emulsion, comprising adding to the emulsion an effective amount of at least one copper salt of a carboxylic acid for enabling at least one bacterium species from Pseudomonas genus to become dominant in the emulsion.

A method for preventing degradation of physical and chemical properties, and for increasing lubricity, of a hydrocarbon and water emulsion, comprising adding to the emulsion an effective amount of at least one copper salt of a carboxylic acid for enabling at least one bacterium species from Pseudomonas genus to become dominant in the emulsion.

The invention provides a water-soluble metal-working oil agent, including a component A and a component B, wherein the component A is a mineral oil which has a characteristic temperature, as measured in accordance with JIS K2242, of 570 C. or higher, and the component B is at least one condensed fatty acid which is selected from a condensed fatty acid (1), produced through dehydration condensation of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and a condensed fatty acid (2), produced through dehydration condensation of an alcoholic hydroxyl group of the condensed fatty acid (1) with a monovalent carboxylic acid, which has a characteristic temperature, as measured in accordance with JIS K2242, of 650 C. or higher. The agent can provide excellent workability with a hard-to-work material and can prolong tool life.