Provided is a lubricating composition for inhibiting plugging including a base oil and any one selected from a fatty acid and an emulsifier, with the lubricating composition forming a single phase even when a carboxylic acid-based monomer is introduced with respect to the base oil. The lubricating composition suppresses plugging occurring in a process of preparing a copolymer derived from the carboxylic acid-based monomer. In addition, also provided is a method of inhibiting plugging using the lubricating composition for inhibiting plugging.

Provided is a lubricating composition for inhibiting plugging including a base oil and any one selected from a fatty acid and an emulsifier, with the lubricating composition forming a single phase even when a carboxylic acid-based monomer is introduced with respect to the base oil. The lubricating composition suppresses plugging occurring in a process of preparing a copolymer derived from the carboxylic acid-based monomer. In addition, also provided is a method of inhibiting plugging using the lubricating composition for inhibiting plugging.

The invention is directed to a method for reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited direct injection internal combustion engine by supplying to the sump a lubricant composition which contains an oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil soluble metal compound, wherein the metal of the oil soluble metal compound may be a group (IV) metal, which may be titanium or zirconium.

The invention is directed to a method for reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited direct injection internal combustion engine by supplying to the sump a lubricant composition which contains an oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil soluble metal compound, wherein the metal of the oil soluble metal compound may be a group (IV) metal, which may be titanium or zirconium.

Provided are microalgal compositions and methods for their use. The microalgal compositions include lubricants that find use in industrial and other applications.

Provided are microalgal compositions and methods for their use. The microalgal compositions include lubricants that find use in industrial and other applications.

The invention provides a method of lubricating a transmission which includes a synchronizer with a non-metallic surface, the method comprising supplying thereto a lubricant comprising: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) an alkaline earth metal detergent; and (c) a non-aromatic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof having 8 to 24 carbon atoms.

The invention provides a method of lubricating a transmission which includes a synchronizer with a non-metallic surface, the method comprising supplying thereto a lubricant comprising: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) an alkaline earth metal detergent; and (c) a non-aromatic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof having 8 to 24 carbon atoms.

A lubricant composition for a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine that contains at least one non-sulfur-phosphorus containing zinc compound is disclosed. This disclosure also relates to a method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in an engine lubricated with a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition comprising at least one oil soluble or oil dispersible non-sulfur-phosphorus containing zinc compound.

A refrigerator oil according to one embodiment of the present invention contains: a base oil containing an oxygen-containing organic compound; a polyphosphate ester compound; and a metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.