The present invention relates to new improved peptide or dimeric peptides exhibiting beta- galactosidase enzyme activity as well as improved methods for reducing the lactose content in compositions in particular at low temperatures.

Described herein are compositions and methods related to use of cardiosphere-derived cells and their extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, for achieving anti-aging and rejuvenation. This includes discoveries for effects on heart structure, function, gene expression, and systemic parameters. For animal studies, intra-cardiac injections of neonatal rat CDCs was compared to in old and young rats including evaluation of blood, echocardiographic, haemodynamic and treadmill stress tests. For in vitro studies, human heart progenitors from older donors, or cardiomyocytes from aged rats were exposed to human CDCs or cardiosphere derived cell (CDC) derived exosomes (CDC-XO) from pediatric donors. CDCs and CDC-XOs were capable of effectuating youthful patterns of gene expression in the hearts of old, along with a variant of physiological and function benefits, including elongation of telomere length. Together, these results indicate capacity of CDCs and CDC-XO to ward off the effects of aging through rejuvenation.

Suggested is method for producing galactooligosaccharides, comprising the following steps:

(i) Providing an aqueous milk sugar solution; (ii) Sterilising the milk sugar solution; (iii) Performing a transgalactosilation of the milk sugars present in the sterilised milk sugar solution of step (ii) by adding at least one beta-galactosidase within its optimum temperature and pH value intervals for a period of at least 30 minutes, obtaining a reaction mixture; (iv) Inhibiting the enzyme mass in the reaction mixture of step (iii), and (v) Confectioning the reaction mixture of step (iv), Wherein (a) The enzyme mass is wholly or partly inhibited by setting a pH value outside the activity optimum of the enzymes; (b) The reaction mixture, together with the inhibited enzyme mass, is subjected to filtration, obtaining a retentate (R1) and a permeate (P1); (c) The inhibited amount of enzymes is separated as a retentate (R1) and is fed back to step (iii); and (d) The permeate (P2) containing the galactooligosaccharides is passed on to step (v).

The invention relates to the field of nutritional ingredients, in particular to methods for producing hypoallergenic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and the use thereof in food and drink items. Provided is the use of a beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) derived from Cryptococcus terrestris (recently renamed Papiliotrema terrestris) in the production of a hypoallergenic GOS preparation having a reduced capacity to induce an allergic response in a subject.

Disclosed are peptides and dimeric peptides exhibiting beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, as well as methods for producing a dairy product using them, and dairy products made by such methods. In some embodiments, the peptides exhibit beta-galactosidase enzyme activity at low and/or high temperatures.

A lactase bulk powder and a lactase preparation both have improved storage stability. The stability of a lactase bulk powder is improved by regulating the acceptable amount of glucose and/or galactose, generated during manufacturing the lactase bulk powder, within a preset range. The lactase bulk powder includes lactase, galactose and/or glucose. The total amount of galactose and glucose is more than 0 μmol and not more than 50 μmol per 100,000 U of lactase. The lactase preparation has the lactase bulk powder as an active ingredient.

The present invention provides a cell-based assay for measuring T cell activation mediated by a T cell-dependent bispecific antibody (TDB). In some aspects, the assay is useful for detecting a TDB in a composition, quantitating the amount of TDB in a composition, determining the potency and/or specificity of a TDB, or determining if a population of cells expresses a target antigen. Compositions and kits are also contemplated.

The present invention has a purpose of providing a novel β-galactosidase enzyme useful for the production of oligosaccharides. Disclosed is a β-galactosidase enzyme comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4 or an amino acid sequence that is 80% or more identical to said amino acid sequence.

The invention relates to carrier complexes and methods for delivering molecules to cells. The carrier complexes comprises a molecule and an aromatic cationic peptide in accordance with the invention. In one embodiment, the method for delivering a molecule to a cell comprises contacting the cell with a carrier complex. In another embodiment, the method for delivering a molecule to a cell comprises contacting the cell with a molecule and an aromatic cationic peptide.

Certain embodiments of the disclosure are directed to the expression/production of β-galactosidases in recombinant Bacillus spp. host cells having reduced or eliminated para-nitrobenzylesterase activity.