What is aimed at is provision of an inexpensive and efficient saccharification method for lignocellulose using a thermostable xylanase and provision of a mutant xylanase that has a substitute amino acid residue, and that exhibits stable activity even under severe conditions in which enzymes easily inactivate, and that provides an initial rate of reaction not significantly reduced as compared to a wild-type xylanase corresponding to the mutant xylanase. Provided is a method of producing a saccharified product of lignocellulose, including contacting a lignocellulosic raw material with a thermostable xylanase, and a mutant xylanase that provides an initial rate of reaction that is at least 70% of that provided by a wild-type xylanase corresponding thereto, that has a xylanase activity after heat treatment at 50 C. for 24 hours that is at least 50% of its xylanase activity before the heat treatment, and that has a substitute amino acid residue.

The present invention relates to enzyme compositions for high temperature saccharification of cellulosic material and to uses thereof.

Disclosed is a fermenter comprising one or more two phase injectors for providing oxygen for the fermentation and a circulation loop, circulating the fermentation broth and providing liquid for the two-phase injectors. Further disclosed is a fermentation plant comprising one or more fermenters of the invention and utility for the fermenters. Also disclosed is the use of the fermenters for the production of a fermentation product such as an enzyme.

A peptide comprising the sequence shown below is added as a peptide tag to a useful protein, followed by allowing its expression.
X.sub.m(PY.sub.n).sub.qPZ.sub.r In this formula, X, Y, and Z each represent an amino acid residue independently selected from the group consisting of R, G, S, K, T, L, N, Q, and H, with the proviso that at least one Y represents K, L, N, Q, H, or R. m represents an integer of 0 to 5; n represents 1, 2, or 3; q represents an integer of 1 to 10; and r represents an integer of 0 to 10.

The present invention is directed to a yeast strain, or strains, secreting a full suite, or any subset of that full suite, of enzymes to hydrolyze corn starch, corn fiber, lignocellulose, (including enzymes that hydrolyze linkages in cellulose, hemicellulose, and between lignin and carbohydrates) and to utilize pentose sugars (xylose and arabinose). The invention is also directed to the set of proteins that are well expressed in yeast for each category of enzymatic activity. The resulting strain, or strains can be used to hydrolyze starch and cellulose simultaneously. The resulting strain, or strains can be also metabolically engineered to produce less glycerol and uptake acetate. The resulting strain, or strains can also be used to produce ethanol from granular starch without liquefaction. The resulting strain, or strains, can be further used to reduce the amount of external enzyme needed to hydrolyze a biomass feedstock during an Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process, or to increase the yield of ethanol during SSF at current saccharolytic enzyme loadings. In addition, multiple enzymes of the present invention can be co-expressed in cells of the invention to provide synergistic digestive action on biomass feedstock. In some aspects, host cells expressing different heterologous saccharolytic enzymes can also be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from biomass feedstock.

MLX1034 is from Polaribacter sp. Q13, and has the amino acid sequence of the 1,3/1,4-xylanase MLX1034 is listed in SEQ ID NO.1; a nucleotide sequence of the gene is listed in SEQ ID NO.2; the 1,3/1,4-xylanase MLX1034 in the invention is capable of efficiently and specifically degrading 1,3/1,4-xylan and producing xylooligosaccharides with DP values above one; in addition, the physical and chemical properties of the 1,3/1,4-xylanase MLX1034 are stable enough to hydrolyze 1,3/1,4-xylan at room temperature; the 1,3/1,4-xylanase MLX1034 is suitable for the industrial production of red algal xylooligosaccharides at low energy costs.

The present invention relates to the field of industrial fermentation and protein production. In particular, it relates to a method for producing a protein of interest in a fermentation medium comprising the following steps a) inoculating a fermentation medium with a Bacillus host cell comprising a gene encoding a protein of interest under the control of a promoter; b) cultivating the Bacillus host cell in the fermentation medium under conditions conducive for the growth of the Bacillus host cell and the expression of the protein of interest, c) adding sulfate to the fermentation medium to reach a concentration of at least 20 mM of sulfate in the fermentation medium; and d) allowing the protein of interest to precipitate and/or crystallize during cultivation; wherein the fermentation medium comprises an amino acid derivative in an amount of 0-30 g/l of fermentation medium. Further contemplated is the use of a combination of a sulfate and an amino acid derivative for producing a protein of interest in Bacillus host cell in a fermentation medium and a crystallized protein of interest obtained by or obtainable by the method of the invention.

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for controlling microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) through the use of certain enzymes. The methods and compositions are useful for applications susceptible to or in need of treatment or remediation for MIC associated with biofilms formed on metal surfaces under anaerobic conditions, such as in equipment or structures within oil and gas systems, particularly the production, transportation and storage infrastructure and equipment for oil and gas applications.