The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having beta-glucanase activity, catalytic domains, carbohydrate binding modules and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, catalytic domains or carbohydrate binding modules. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, catalytic domains or carbohydrate binding modules. The present invention further relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing or cellulosic-containing material, as well as an enzyme blend or composition, or a recombinant host cell or fermenting organism suitable for use in processes of the invention.

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having beta-glucanase activity, catalytic domains, carbohydrate binding modules and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, catalytic domains or carbohydrate binding modules. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, catalytic domains or carbohydrate binding modules. The present invention further relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing or cellulosic-containing material, as well as an enzyme blend or composition, or a recombinant host cell or fermenting organism suitable for use in processes of the invention.

Provided is a polypeptide tag. The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide tag is Xaa1Xaa2Xaa3PHDYNXaa4Xaa5Xaa6 (SEQ ID NO: 37), wherein in the formula, Xaa1, Xaa2, Xaa3, Xaa4, Xaa5, and Xaa6 are each independently an amino acid or none. The polypeptide tag is used for labeling a target protein. In a second aspect, provided is a polypeptide fusion protein, comprising the following two structures: (1) any polypeptide tag according to the first aspect, and (2) a target protein connected to the polypeptide tag. Also provided are an in vitro cell-free protein synthesis system and an application thereof in in vitro protein synthesis. By constructing the polypeptide tag and a target protein as a fusion protein, the expression of the labeled target protein can be effectively increased without removing the polypeptide tag.

The present disclosure is related to the fields of biology, molecular biology, genetics, microbial fermentation, alcohol production and the like. The present compositions and methods relate to yeast strains comprising genetic modifications that results in modified yeast strains thereof comprising enhanced stress tolerance. Certain embodiments of the disclosure are therefore related to compositions and methods for increasing the efficiency of alcohol production using such modified yeast strains in fermentation reactions/processes.

Embodiments provide a modified microbe capable of growing in or fermenting a solution, or lignocellulosic hydrolysate, comprising ferulic acid and/or coniferyl aldehyde. The microbe has one or more modifications to provide: (a) a decrease in copy number or expression of a BNA7 gene; (b) an increase in copy number or expression of one or more pentose phosphate pathway genes; and/or (c) localization of one or more products of the pentose phosphate pathway genes to the mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. Also provided is a microbe having modified expression or copy number of BNA7 and/or one or more of the pentose phosphate pathway genes. The pentose phosphate pathway genes may in certain embodiments be selected from at least one of ZWF1, TKL1, RPE1 and GND1. Also provided is a method for fermenting a substrate comprising ferulic acid and/or coniferyl aldehyde to produce a fermentation product.

Disclosed herein, in some aspects, are synthetic secretion signal peptides. Also disclosed are nucleic acid molecules encoding such signal peptides, in some cases operably linked to a protein coding sequence, as well as cells comprising such nucleic acid molecules. Further disclosed are methods for secreting a polypeptide comprising expressing in a cell a signal peptide of the disclosure linked to the polypeptide. Certain aspects include proteins (e.g., human milk proteins) produced by such methods, as well as compositions comprising such proteins.

Disclosed herein, in some aspects, are synthetic secretion signal peptides. Also disclosed are nucleic acid molecules encoding such signal peptides, in some cases operably linked to a protein coding sequence, as well as cells comprising such nucleic acid molecules. Further disclosed are methods for secreting a polypeptide comprising expressing in a cell a signal peptide of the disclosure linked to the polypeptide. Certain aspects include proteins (e.g., human milk proteins) produced by such methods, as well as compositions comprising such proteins.

Disclosed herein are nucleic acid-guided nucleases, guide nucleic acids, and targetable nuclease systems, and methods of use. Disclosed herein are engineered non-naturally occurring nucleic acid-guided nucleases, guide nucleic acids, and targetable nuclease systems, and methods of use. Targetable nuclease systems can be used to edit genetic targets, including recursive genetic engineering and trackable genetic engineering methods.

Disclosed herein are nucleic acid-guided nucleases, guide nucleic acids, and targetable nuclease systems, and methods of use. Disclosed herein are engineered non-naturally occurring nucleic acid-guided nucleases, guide nucleic acids, and targetable nuclease systems, and methods of use. Targetable nuclease systems can be used to edit genetic targets, including recursive genetic engineering and trackable genetic engineering methods.

A sample for evaluating performance of a genetic testing apparatus includes, a nucleic acid A; and a nucleic acid B, in which the nucleic acid A and the nucleic acid B have mutually different sequences. The nucleic acid A contains a specific number of molecules, and the nucleic acid B contains a number of molecules higher than the number of molecules of the nucleic acid A. A ratio A/B of the number of molecules of the nucleic acid A with respect to the number of molecules of the nucleic acid B is specified.