Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to mutant viruses, and in particular, mutant influenza viruses. The mutant viruses disclosed herein include a mutant M2 sequence, and are useful in immunogenic compositions, e.g., as vaccines. Also disclosed herein are methods, compositions and cells for propagating the viral mutants, and methods, devices and compositions related to vaccination.

Disclosed are compositions and methods comprising one or more recombinant influenza viruses. Recombinant influenza viruses with mutated polymerases and/or rearranged genomes are disclosed. Constructs comprising different influenza nucleic acid sequences are also provided. Methods of inducing protecting immunity with the recombinant influenza viruses are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of plasmid-free production of influenza virus comprising amplicons comprising one or more of influenza genes.

This invention provides highly attenuated influenza viruses and vaccines. The attenuated viruses and vaccines proliferate well and have high safety factors. The attenuated viruses providing protective immunity from challenge by virus of the same subtype, as well as cross protection against heterologous viruses.

The present invention provides compositions and methods related to equine live-attenuated influenza vaccines.

The present invention discloses a replication-limited mucosal immune vaccine for influenza virus. The present invention first protects a mutant protein, which is obtained by mutating two amino acid residues of NS1 protein of influenza virus as follows: the amino acid residue at position 38 is mutated from arginine to alanine, and the amino acid residue at position 41 is mutated from lysine to alanine. The present invention also protects a recombinant virus, which is obtained by mutating the codons encoding two amino acid residues of NS1 protein in the influenza virus genome as follows: the codon for the amino acid residue at position 38 from the N-terminus is mutated from the arginine codon to an alanine codon, and the codon for the amino acid residue at position 41 from the N-terminus is mutated from the lysine codon to an alanine codon. The present invention also protects use of any one of the above-mentioned recombinant viruses for preparing a vaccine for influenza virus. The present invention has great application value for the prevention and treatment of influenza virus.

The present invention provides compositions and methods related to equine live-attenuated influenza vaccines.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to mutant viruses, and in particular, mutant influenza viruses. The mutant viruses disclosed herein include a mutant BM2 sequence, and are useful in immunogenic compositions, e.g., as vaccines. Also disclosed herein are methods, compositions and cells for propagating the viral mutants, and methods, devices and compositions related to vaccination.

Methods of producing a pathogen with reduced replicative fitness are disclosed, as are attenuated pathogens produced using the methods. In particular examples, the method includes deoptimizing one or more codons in a coding sequence, thereby reducing the replicative fitness of the pathogen. Methods of using the attenuated pathogens as immunogenic compositions are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a mutated virus. Said virus can be an influenza virus of human or other animal origin. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the mutated virus, the method comprising introducing UAG codons into positions upstream of the stop codons per se of one or more genes of a viral genome by reverse genetic techniques. The present invention further relates to uses of the mutated virus, for example, as a live attenuated vaccine, or in replication of controllable and safe virus models, and the like.

The invention relates to defective interfering viruses and defective interfering virus RNAs that are effective as antiviral agents. The invention also relates to methods for identifying defective interfering virus RNAs that can be used as effective antiviral agents.