The present invention generally relates to nanoscale wires and, in particular, to nanoscale wires with heterojunctions, such as tip-localized homo- or heterojunctions. In one aspect, the nanoscale wire may include a core, an inner shell surrounding the core, and an outer shell surrounding the inner shell. The outer shell may also contact the core, e.g., at an end portion of the nanoscale wire. In some cases, such nanoscale wires may be used as electrical devices. For example a p-n junction may be created where the inner shell is electrically insulating, and the core and the outer shell are p-doped and n-doped. Other aspects of the present invention generally relate to methods of making or using such nanoscale wires, devices, or kits including such nanoscale wires, or the like.

A method for preparing a transparent sheet material comprising an organic, polymeric substrate and inorganic layers on each side of the substrate, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing an apparatus for generating a glow discharge plasma, said apparatus comprising at least two opposing electrodes, a power supply for the electrodes and a treatment space between the electrodes; b) providing the treatment space with a gas mixture at about atmospheric pressure, the gas mixture comprising a reactive gas and a precursor; and c) moving a transparent substrate through the treatment space comprising the gas mixture at an average speed of at least 1 m/min while applying an electrical potential across the electrodes, thereby generating a glow discharge plasma in the treatment space and depositing an inorganic layer on one or both sides of the substrate; wherein the electrodes apply a discharge energy to the substrate of less than 25 J/cm.sup.2.

A transfer chamber for a processing system suitable for processing a plurality of substrates and a method of using the same is provided. The transfer chamber includes a lid, a bottom disposed opposite the lid, a plurality of sidewalls sealingly coupling the lid to the bottom and defining an internal volume, wherein the plurality of sidewalls form the faces of a dodecagon. An opening is formed in each of the faces, wherein the opening is configured for a substrate to pass therethrough. A transfer robot is disposed in the internal volume, wherein the transfer robot has effectors configured to support the substrate through one opening to another opening.

There is provided a technique that includes: supplying a film formation inhibition gas to the substrate, which includes a first base and a second base on a surface of the substrate, to form a film formation inhibition layer on a surface of the first base; supplying a film-forming gas to the substrate after forming the film formation inhibition layer on the surface of the first base, to form a film on a surface of the second base; and supplying a halogen-free substance, which chemically reacts with the film formation inhibition layer and the film, to the substrate after forming the film on the surface of the second base, in a non-plasma atmosphere.

Disclosed is a substrate processing method including gas injection including a source material containing silicon towards substrates received in a reaction chamber, depositing the source material on the substrates by generating plasma including oxygen radicals so as to form deposition films, and executing surface treatment of the deposition films by injecting plasma gas including oxygen radicals.

There is provided a substrate processing apparatus for performing film formation by supplying a processing gas to a substrate, including: a rotary table provided in a processing container; a mounting stand provided to mount the substrate and configured to be revolved by rotating the rotary table; a processing gas supply part configured to supply a processing gas to a region through which the mounting stand passes by the rotation of the rotary table; a rotation shaft rotatably provided in a portion rotating together with the rotary table and configured to support the mounting stand; a driven gear provided on the rotation shaft; a driving gear provided along an entire circumference of a revolution trajectory of the driven gear to face the revolution trajectory of the driven gear and configured to constitute a magnetic gear mechanism with the driven gear; and a rotating mechanism configured to rotate the driving gear.

A through-glass via (TGV) formed in a glass substrate may comprise a metal plating layer formed in the TGV. The TGV may have a three-dimensional (3D) topology through the glass substrate and the metal plating layer conformally covering the 3D topology. The TGV may further comprise a barrier layer disposed over the metal plating layer, and a metallization layer disposed over the barrier layer. The metallization layer may be electrically coupled to the metal plating layer through the barrier layer. The barrier layer may comprise a metal-nitride film disposed on the metal plating layer that is electrically coupled to the metallization layer. The barrier layer may comprise a metal film disposed over the metal plating layer and over a portion of glass surrounding the TGV, and an electrically-insulating film disposed upon the metal film, the electrically-insulating film completely overlapping the metal plating layer and partially overlapping the metal film.

Methods and apparatus for remote plasma processing are provided. In various embodiments, a reaction chamber is conditioned by forming a low recombination material coating on interior chamber surfaces. The low recombination material helps minimize the degree of radical recombination that occurs within the reaction chamber when the reaction chamber is used to process substrates. During processing on substrates, the low recombination material may become covered by relatively higher recombination material (e.g., as a byproduct of the substrate processing), which results in a decrease in the amount of radicals available to process the substrate over time. The low recombination material coating may be reconditioned through exposure to an oxidizing plasma, which acts to reform the low recombination material coating. The reconditioning process may occur periodically as additional processing occurs on substrates.

A film deposition apparatus includes a process chamber, a rotary table, a first reaction gas supply part disposed in a first process region and configured to supply a first reaction gas, a second reaction gas supply part disposed in a second process region apart from the first reaction gas supply part in a circumferential direction of the rotary table and configured to supply a second reaction gas, and separation gas supply parts disposed in a separation region between the first reaction gas supply part and the second reaction gas supply part and configured to supply a separation gas for separating the first reaction gas and the second reaction gas. The separation gas supply parts are configured to supply, in addition to the separation gas, an additive gas for controlling adsorption of the first reaction gas or for etching a part of material components included in the first reaction gas.

A method performed by a film deposition apparatus includes supplying a first reaction gas, which is adsorbable to hydroxyl groups, to a surface of a substrate and causing the first reaction gas to be adsorbed onto the surface of the substrate; supplying a second reaction gas to the substrate and causing the second reaction gas to react with the first reaction gas adsorbed onto the surface of the substrate to form a reaction product on the substrate; supplying an activated third reaction gas to the substrate to modify a surface of the reaction product; and supplying a fourth reaction gas including a hydrogen-containing gas to at least a partial area of the modified surface of the reaction product to form hydroxyl groups on at least the partial area.