A method comprises the following steps: a) Providing a body having an internal surface which defines an internal pathway within the body, the body having an inlet and an outlet both communicating with the internal pathway; b) Introducing a liquid solution into the internal pathway so as to fill at least a portion of the internal pathway with the liquid solution, the liquid solution comprising a solute capable of undergoing thermal decomposition; c) Heating the liquid solution while the liquid solution fills said at least a portion of the internal pathway to a sufficient temperature so that the solute undergoes thermal decomposition to form a decomposition product within said at least a portion of the internal pathway.

The heating step forms a coating comprising the decomposition product on at least a part of the internal surface that borders the internal pathway.

A coating system configured to be applied to a thermal barrier coating of an article includes an infiltration coating configured to be applied to the thermal barrier coating. The infiltration coating infiltrates at least some pores of the thermal barrier coating. The infiltration coating decomposes within at least some pores of the thermal barrier coating to coat a portion of the at least some pores of the thermal barrier coating. The infiltration coating reduces a porosity of the thermal barrier coating. The coating system also includes a reactive phase spray formulation coat configured to be applied to the thermal barrier coating. The reactive phase spray formulation coating reacts with dust deposits on the thermal barrier coating

Electrocatalytic materials and methods of making the electrocatalytic materials are provided. Such a method may comprise forming precursor nanosheets comprising a precursor metal on a surface of a substrate; exposing the precursor nanosheets to a modifier solution comprising a polar, aprotic solvent and a metal salt at a temperature and for a period of time, the metal salt comprising a metal cation and an anion, thereby forming modified precursor nanosheets; and calcining the modified precursor nanosheets for a period of time to form an electrocatalytic material comprising structurally modified nanosheets and the substrate, each nanosheet extending from the surface of the substrate and having a solid matrix. The solid matrix defines pores distributed throughout the solid matrix and comprises a precursor metal oxide and domains of another metal oxide distributed throughout the precursor metal oxide; or the solid matrix comprises the precursor metal oxide and nanoparticles of the another metal oxide distributed on a surface of the solid matrix.

An article includes a substrate; a first corrosion protection layer disposed on the substrate; and a second corrosion protection layer disposed on the first corrosion protection layer. The first corrosion protection layer includes a sol-gel composition and the second corrosion protection layer includes a polyurethane composition. At least one of the first or second corrosion protection layers include a corrosion inhibitor.

The present invention provides a hydrophilic film that causes a liquid to diffuse rapidly in a single direction. The hydrophilic film comprises a substrate having a texture of parallel sunken and raised patterns, and a hydrophilic coat comprising a coat of silicon dioxide particles. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the hydrophilic film. The method comprises: preparing an aqueous dispersion of silicon dioxide particles, wherein the average size of the silicon dioxide particles is 1 to 60 nm, and the concentration of the silicon dioxide particles is 0.05% to 15% by weight; coating the aqueous dispersion of silicon dioxide particles on a substrate, wherein the substrate has a texture of parallel sunken and raised patterns; and drying the substrate coated with the aqueous dispersion of silicon dioxide particles.