A method of surface treatments that provide additional characteristics to the surfaces of galvanized steel materials is provided. A chromate-free coating material is applied after texturing on the surface of the galvanizing steel material and obtaining the roughness values. The resulting galvanized steel material provides a stainless-steel alternative sheet materials with high corrosion resistance and anti-fingerprint characteristics.

A method of surface treatments that provide additional characteristics to the surfaces of galvanized steel materials is provided. A chromate-free coating material is applied after texturing on the surface of the galvanizing steel material and obtaining the roughness values. The resulting galvanized steel material provides a stainless-steel alternative sheet materials with high corrosion resistance and anti-fingerprint characteristics.

There is provided a non-oriented electrical steel sheet that includes a base metal steel sheet and an insulating coating film that is formed on a surface of the base metal steel sheet, wherein the insulating coating film mainly contains metal phosphate, organic resin, and water-soluble organic compound, the metal phosphate contains at least aluminum as a metallic element, the organic resin has an SP value being within a range of 18.0 (MPa).sup.0.5 or more to less than 24.0 (MPa).sup.0.5, the water-soluble organic compound has an SP value being within a range of 19.0 (MPa).sup.0.5 or more to less than 35.0 (MPa).sup.0.5, and when measurement by X-ray diffractometry is performed on the insulating coating film, a degree of crystallinity of aluminum phosphate calculated from a peak from the metal phosphate is within a range of 0.5 to 5.0%.

Described herein are 5xxx series aluminum alloy substrates and methods of making 5xxx series aluminum alloy substrates having a pretreatment fdm on a surface of the substrate. A beverage tab may comprise a pretreated 5xxx series aluminum alloy substrate. A method of making a 5xxx series aluminum alloy substrate as described herein includes producing a pretreatment film on a surface of a 5xxx series aluminum alloy substrate to provide a pretreated 5 xxx series aluminum alloy substrate and controlling a coat weight of the pretreatment film to no greater than 10 mg/ft.sup.2.