An ion exchange membrane separated two electrode flow analyzer for continuous aqueous electrochemical heavy metal detection is disclosed. The electrochemical cell includes a gas diffusion counter/reference electrode, a flooded flow through working electrode, and an ion exchange membrane that separates the gas diffusion counter/reference electrode and the flooded flow through working electrode. A method of continuous fluid analysis using a multi-electrode flow analyzer is also disclosed, including passing an aqueous sample through a first inlet flow area and into a working electrode of a multi-electrode flow analyzer, passing a gas mixture through a second inlet flow area and into a counter/reference electrode of the multi-electrode flow analyzer, depositing an analyte onto a surface of the working electrode, stripping the analyte from the surface of the working electrode by sweeping a range of a potential applied to the surface of the working electrode.

An ion exchange membrane separated two electrode flow analyzer for continuous aqueous electrochemical heavy metal detection is disclosed. The electrochemical cell includes a gas diffusion counter/reference electrode, a flooded flow through working electrode, and an ion exchange membrane that separates the gas diffusion counter/reference electrode and the flooded flow through working electrode. A method of continuous fluid analysis using a multi-electrode flow analyzer is also disclosed, including passing an aqueous sample through a first inlet flow area and into a working electrode of a multi-electrode flow analyzer, passing a gas mixture through a second inlet flow area and into a counter/reference electrode of the multi-electrode flow analyzer, depositing an analyte onto a surface of the working electrode, stripping the analyte from the surface of the working electrode by sweeping a range of a potential applied to the surface of the working electrode.

A system and method for oxidizing organic molecules as an oxygen-atom source using an electrochemical process is described.

A system and method for oxidizing organic molecules as an oxygen-atom source using an electrochemical process is described.

A water electrolysis catalyst containing a solid solution complex oxide of Ir and Ru, in which the solid solution complex oxide is represented by a chemical formula Ir.sub.xRu.sub.yO.sub.2 (where x and y satisfy x+y=1.0); and the solid solution complex oxide has one diffraction maximum peak in a range of 2θ=66.10° or more and 67.00° or less in powder X-ray diffraction (Cu Kα).

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll the substrate; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to the substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

Provided is a high-efficiency vanadium nitride/molybdenum carbide heterojunction hydrogen production electrocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrocatalyst has a heterojunction structure formed by coupling VN and Mo.sub.2C, wherein the mass ratio of VN and Mo.sub.2C is 20:1 to 50:1. The electrocatalyst couples nano-VN and Mo.sub.2C to form a VN/Mo.sub.2C heterojunction, so that the active center is increased, and the balance of the reaction kinetics of H.sup.+ adsorption and H.sub.2 desorption is facilitated, thereby greatly improving the activity of the electrocatalyst.

The present invention relates to a Pt—N—C based electrochemical catalyst for chlorine evolution reaction and a production method thereof, and an aspect of the present invention provides a Pt—N—C based electrochemical catalyst including: a carbon support; and an organic compound including Pt and N distributed on the carbon support.

Provided is a low-cost catalyst that has excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity and is useful as a catalyst for water electrolysis, an electrode catalyst for an air battery, or the like. The catalyst includes (A) Ni atoms, (B) a condensate of thiourea and formaldehyde, and (C) porous carbon.

Described herein are techniques for converting carbonate in a carbonate loaded solution into syngas or C2+ products within an electrolysis cell that includes a cathodic compartment, an anodic compartment and preferably a bipolar membrane separating the compartments. The carbonate ions are converted in situ by reaction with protons generated by the bipolar membrane to produce CO.sub.2 that is in turn electrocatalytically converted into the product. The electrolysis cell can be coupled to an air or flue gas capture system that produces the carbonate loaded solution, and the depleted solution released by the electrolysis cell can be recycled back into the capture system and the feed of the electrolysis cell. The cathode can include a porous substrate that is hydrophilic, and a catalyst metal deposited on the substrate can be Cu, Ag or an alloy depending on the target product.