An electrode capable of preventing Ni from being re-oxidized and reduced and thereby having improved initial characteristics and durability is provided. The electrode includes a cermet layer containing Ni-containing particles and an Nb compound. The Nb compound may cover at least parts of surfaces of the Ni-containing particles. The ratio of the mass of Nb contained in the Nb compound to the mass of Ni contained in Ni-containing particles may be 0.2 to 3.0 mass %. La may be contained in the Nb compound. The cermet layer may contain electrolyte particles having oxide ion conductivity or both oxide ion and electron conductivities.

An electrode capable of preventing Ni from being re-oxidized and reduced and thereby having improved initial characteristics and durability is provided. The electrode includes a cermet layer containing Ni-containing particles and an Nb compound. The Nb compound may cover at least parts of surfaces of the Ni-containing particles. The ratio of the mass of Nb contained in the Nb compound to the mass of Ni contained in Ni-containing particles may be 0.2 to 3.0 mass %. La may be contained in the Nb compound. The cermet layer may contain electrolyte particles having oxide ion conductivity or both oxide ion and electron conductivities.

Systems and methods for wastewater utilization are described herein. In some approaches, the system comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer and a syngas upgrading unit. The solid oxide electrolyzer comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte. The syngas upgrading unit receives at least a portion of a product stream from the solid oxide electrolyzer and generates a wastewater stream comprising water and a hydrocarbon species. A recycle line recycles the wastewater stream from the syngas upgrading unit to the first electrode of the solid oxide electrolyzer. In some embodiments, the system comprises a carbon dioxide supply to co-feed carbon dioxide to the first electrode with the wastewater stream. In some embodiments, the system comprises a separation unit that separates the wastewater stream from a product stream of the syngas upgrading unit.

Systems and methods for wastewater utilization are described herein. In some approaches, the system comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer and a syngas upgrading unit. The solid oxide electrolyzer comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte. The syngas upgrading unit receives at least a portion of a product stream from the solid oxide electrolyzer and generates a wastewater stream comprising water and a hydrocarbon species. A recycle line recycles the wastewater stream from the syngas upgrading unit to the first electrode of the solid oxide electrolyzer. In some embodiments, the system comprises a carbon dioxide supply to co-feed carbon dioxide to the first electrode with the wastewater stream. In some embodiments, the system comprises a separation unit that separates the wastewater stream from a product stream of the syngas upgrading unit.