To improve light energy conversion efficiency of a semiconductor photoelectrode. A semiconductor photoelectrode in which an oxidation reaction of water proceeds on a surface by irradiation with light includes a first semiconductor layer laminated on an insulating or conductive substrate, and a transparent conductive polymer layer laminated on the first semiconductor layer, made of a transparent conductive polymer, and having an activity function of promoting the oxidation reaction of water. Due to the transparency of the transparent conductive polymer layer, light transmittance is improved, and the transparent conductive polymer layer can be laminated on the entire surface of the semiconductor layer, allowing the light energy conversion efficiency of the semiconductor photoelectrode to be improved.

To improve light energy conversion efficiency of a semiconductor photoelectrode. A semiconductor photoelectrode in which an oxidation reaction of water proceeds on a surface by irradiation with light includes a first semiconductor layer laminated on an insulating or conductive substrate, and a transparent conductive polymer layer laminated on the first semiconductor layer, made of a transparent conductive polymer, and having an activity function of promoting the oxidation reaction of water. Due to the transparency of the transparent conductive polymer layer, light transmittance is improved, and the transparent conductive polymer layer can be laminated on the entire surface of the semiconductor layer, allowing the light energy conversion efficiency of the semiconductor photoelectrode to be improved.

Methods and catalysts for oxidizing ammonia to nitrogen are described. Specifically, diruthenium complexes that spontaneously catalyze this reaction are disclosed. Accordingly, the disclosed methods and catalysts can be used in various electrochemical cell-based energy storage and energy production applications that could form the basis for a potential nitrogen economy.

Methods and catalysts for oxidizing ammonia to nitrogen are described. Specifically, diruthenium complexes that spontaneously catalyze this reaction are disclosed. Accordingly, the disclosed methods and catalysts can be used in various electrochemical cell-based energy storage and energy production applications that could form the basis for a potential nitrogen economy.

Disclosed herein is a spatially decoupled redox flow water electrolyzer, that has a hydrogen-producing catholyte section formed from a catholyte tank, having a cathode, and a hydrogen generation compartment, where the catholyte tank and the hydrogen generation compartment are fluidly connected to one another by a fluid pathway, so as to facilitate the circulation of a liquid catholyte from the catholyte tank to the hydrogen generation compartment and back to the catholyte tank and an oxygen-producing anolyte section formed from an anolyte tank, having an anode, and an oxygen producing compartment, where the anolyte tank and the oxygen producing compartment are fluidly connected to one another by a fluid pathway, so as to facilitate the circulation of a liquid anolyte from the anolyte tank to the oxygen producing compartment and back to the anolyte tank, an anion-exchange membrane is disposed between the catholyte and anolyte tanks and a current collector attached to the catholyte and anolyte tanks. In use, the hydrogen generation compartment contains a catalyst capable of catalysing hydrogen production when brought into contact with a cathodic redox mediator when the cathodic redox mediator is in a reduced state and the oxygen generation compartment contains a catalyst capable of catalysing oxygen production when brought into contact with an anodic redox mediator when the anodic redox mediator is in an oxidised state.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems related to the electrochemical separation of target gases from gas mixtures are provided. In some cases, a target gas such as carbon dioxide is captured and optionally released using an electrochemical cell (e.g., by bonding to an electroactive species in a reduced state). Some embodiments are particularly useful for selectively capturing the target gas while reacting with little to no oxygen gas that may be present in the gas mixture. Some such embodiments may be useful in applications involving separations from gas mixtures having relatively low concentrations of the target gas, such as direct air capture and ventilated air treatment.

The present invention relates to a PtNC based electrochemical catalyst for chlorine evolution reaction and a production method thereof, and an aspect of the present invention provides a PtNC based electrochemical catalyst including: a carbon support; and an organic compound including Pt and N distributed on the carbon support.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems related to electrochemical capture of Lewis acid gases from fluid mixtures are generally described. Certain embodiments are related to electrochemical methods involving selectively removing a first Lewis acid gas from a fluid mixture containing multiple types of Lewis acid gases (e.g., a first Lewis acid gas and a second Lewis acid gas). Certain embodiments are related to electrochemical systems comprising certain types of electroactive species having certain redox states in which the species is capable of binding a first Lewis acid gas but for which binding with a second Lewis acid gas is thermodynamically and/or kinetically unfavorable. The methods, apparatuses, and systems described herein may be useful in carbon capture and pollution mitigation applications.

A synthesis gas production system for producing CO and H.sub.2 by electrolyzing an aqueous solution containing CO.sub.2 includes: an electrolysis device including an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by a separator membrane; a cathode-side circulation line connected to the cathode chamber to circulate a cathode solution containing CO.sub.2; a catalyst supply device provided in the cathode-side circulation line to supply a CO production catalyst to the cathode solution; and a gas composition detection device configured to measure a ratio between CO and H.sub.2 in a production gas produced in the cathode chamber. At least one of control of a supply amount of the CO production catalyst by the catalyst supply device and control of a voltage applied between the anode and the cathode by the electrolysis device is performed to make a ratio of H.sub.2 to CO in the production gas be within a predetermined target range.

The present disclosure generally relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for separating a target species (e.g., CO.sub.2) from a gas mixture (e.g., gas stream) via an electrochemical process.