The invention provides a method of reducing dinitrogen to produce at least one haloamine compound, the method comprising: contacting a cathode comprising a dinitrogen-activating electrocatalytic composition with an electrolyte; providing dinitrogen, a reducible source of halogen and a source of hydrogen for reaction at the cathode; and applying a potential at the cathode sufficient to reduce the dinitrogen on the dinitrogen-activating electrocatalytic composition in the presence of the reducible source of halogen and the source of hydrogen, thereby producing at least one haloamine compound.

The invention provides a method of reducing dinitrogen to produce at least one haloamine compound, the method comprising: contacting a cathode comprising a dinitrogen-activating electrocatalytic composition with an electrolyte; providing dinitrogen, a reducible source of halogen and a source of hydrogen for reaction at the cathode; and applying a potential at the cathode sufficient to reduce the dinitrogen on the dinitrogen-activating electrocatalytic composition in the presence of the reducible source of halogen and the source of hydrogen, thereby producing at least one haloamine compound.

Two-dimensional (2D) high-entropy transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) alloy compositions, methods of synthesizing the TMDC alloys, physical/chemical properties of the TMDC alloys, and uses of the TMDC alloys as catalysts in electrochemical reactions are disclosed.

Two-dimensional (2D) high-entropy transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) alloy compositions, methods of synthesizing the TMDC alloys, physical/chemical properties of the TMDC alloys, and uses of the TMDC alloys as catalysts in electrochemical reactions are disclosed.

There is provided a catalytic system including a fibrous hydrophobic substrate, a first layer having a first layer thickness including copper or copper alloy nanoparticles covering the polymeric substrate, and a second layer having a second layer thickness over the first layer and including amorphous nitrogen-doped carbon, wherein the catalytic system includes confined interlayer spaces defined by regions where the first layer and the second layer are spaced apart from each other. The catalytic system can be used for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or a combination thereof. Thus, there is also provided a method for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or a combination thereof, using the catalytic system.

There is provided a catalytic system including a fibrous hydrophobic substrate, a first layer having a first layer thickness including copper or copper alloy nanoparticles covering the polymeric substrate, and a second layer having a second layer thickness over the first layer and including amorphous nitrogen-doped carbon, wherein the catalytic system includes confined interlayer spaces defined by regions where the first layer and the second layer are spaced apart from each other. The catalytic system can be used for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or a combination thereof. Thus, there is also provided a method for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or a combination thereof, using the catalytic system.

Proposed is an iridium alloy catalyst having reversible catalytic activity for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and a hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) by including an iridium alloy including iridium (Ir) and nickel (Ni). The iridium alloy catalyst according to the present disclosure is rapidly converted to an iridium alloy catalyst in an oxide form and an iridium alloy catalyst in a metallic form according to applied voltage by controlling its crystallinity. Thus, even in case an oxide layer is formed after the OER, the oxidation layer disappears during the HER and HOR and the properties of an iridium metal catalyst remain, thereby maintaining HER/HOR performance.

Proposed is an iridium alloy catalyst having reversible catalytic activity for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and a hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) by including an iridium alloy including iridium (Ir) and nickel (Ni). The iridium alloy catalyst according to the present disclosure is rapidly converted to an iridium alloy catalyst in an oxide form and an iridium alloy catalyst in a metallic form according to applied voltage by controlling its crystallinity. Thus, even in case an oxide layer is formed after the OER, the oxidation layer disappears during the HER and HOR and the properties of an iridium metal catalyst remain, thereby maintaining HER/HOR performance.

A method for electrolysis of water and a method for preparing a catalyst for electrolysis of water are provided. The method for electrolysis of water includes using a high entropy alloy as a catalyst. Further, the method for preparing a catalyst for electrolysis of water includes the steps of placing a substrate in an aqueous electrolyte containing a high entropy alloy precursor and performing an electroplating process on the substrate to form a high entropy alloy catalyst on the substrate.

An electrochemical electrode according to the present invention may prevent agglomeration and desorption of a catalyst even when a catalyst in a particle form is used, because a protective layer containing hydrogel is used, such that stability may be secured, thereby implementing an electrode having a long duration.