An electrode catalyst layer for electrochemical cells includes a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer. The first catalyst layer has a cell resistance measured at 80° C. and 40% RH lower than that of the second catalyst layer. The electrode catalyst layer for electrochemical cells is used with the first catalyst layer being disposed on an electrolyte membrane side relative to the second catalyst layer. It is preferable that a first catalytically active component contained in the first catalyst layer and a second catalytically active component contained in the second catalyst layer each independently contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, ruthenium, and iridium.

An electrode catalyst layer for electrochemical cells includes a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer. The first catalyst layer has a cell resistance measured at 80° C. and 40% RH lower than that of the second catalyst layer. The electrode catalyst layer for electrochemical cells is used with the first catalyst layer being disposed on an electrolyte membrane side relative to the second catalyst layer. It is preferable that a first catalytically active component contained in the first catalyst layer and a second catalytically active component contained in the second catalyst layer each independently contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, ruthenium, and iridium.

An advanced manufactured electrochemical reactor to convert air (N.sub.2+O.sub.2) to nitric acid (HNO.sub.3) and ammonia (NH.sub.3). The electrochemical reactor platform can be tailored via advanced manufacturing to improve activity, selectivity, energy efficiency and stability of the reactions.

An electrode suitable for use as a cathode for the development of hydrogen in industrial electrolytic processes, equipped with a catalytic coating having an external layer containing ruthenium and selenium; and a method for the production of the same.

The present invention relates to a composite that is-cost-effective, has an excellent catalytic activity, and significantly improves stability compared to a pure platinum catalyst according to the related art. Specifically, the composite according to the present invention contains a carbon support and a binary alloy consisting of platinum and an alkaline earth metal supported on the carbon support which satisfies a specific condition in a Pt 4f X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of the binary alloy.

An electrode, a preparation method therefor, and uses thereof. Titanium or titanium alloy is used as a base material of the electrode, the outer surface of the base material is coated with a composite material coating, and the composite material coating is prepared by coating a composite material solution and carrying out drying and sintering. The composite material solution is a nanoscale solution formed by dissolving transition metal elements in ethanol. The nanoscale solution is an ethanol solution of the nanoscale transition metal with particles of the transition metal as solutes thereof. The transition metal elements are platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, cerium, rhodium, tantalum, manganese, nickel, palladium, yttrium, gadolinium, cobalt, europium, lanthanum, neodymium, zirconium and titanium, and the molar ratio of the transition metal elements platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, cerium, rhodium, tantalum, manganese, nickel, palladium, yttrium, gadolinium, cobalt, europium, lanthanum, neodymium, zirconium and titanium in the composite material solution is 5-15:23-34:14-21:1-7:9-17:3-12:15-27:3-6:2-9:10-23:15-27:2-8:15-30:3-12:4-14:1-10:6-15:20-50.

An electrode for evolution of gas in electrolytic processes having a substrate of valve metal and a catalytic coating having two layers. A first layer having oxides of valve metal, ruthenium and iridium and a second layer having one or more metals chosen from amongst elements of the platinum group.

A copper-palladium-loaded mesoporous silicon carbide-based catalyst, a preparation method, and an application thereof are provided. First, a mesoporous silicon carbide material is prepared by using mesoporous silica as a hard template; subsequently, the mesoporous silicon carbide material is mixed with a copper-palladium precursor mixed solution, and dried after the solvent is completely volatilized. The dried powder is successively subjected to calcination with N.sub.2 and reduction with H.sub.2 to finally obtain the copper-palladium-loaded mesoporous silicon carbide-based catalyst. The catalyst is made into an electrode, and the nitrate in water body is catalytically reduced by electrochemical method. The preparation method of the catalyst of the present invention is simple. The catalyst can realize high-efficiency catalytic denitrification at a low metal loading amount, with high selectivity of nitrogen. Moreover, the catalyst has the advantages of high activity, good stability, wide application range and low cost.

A copper-palladium-loaded mesoporous silicon carbide-based catalyst, a preparation method, and an application thereof are provided. First, a mesoporous silicon carbide material is prepared by using mesoporous silica as a hard template; subsequently, the mesoporous silicon carbide material is mixed with a copper-palladium precursor mixed solution, and dried after the solvent is completely volatilized. The dried powder is successively subjected to calcination with N.sub.2 and reduction with H.sub.2 to finally obtain the copper-palladium-loaded mesoporous silicon carbide-based catalyst. The catalyst is made into an electrode, and the nitrate in water body is catalytically reduced by electrochemical method. The preparation method of the catalyst of the present invention is simple. The catalyst can realize high-efficiency catalytic denitrification at a low metal loading amount, with high selectivity of nitrogen. Moreover, the catalyst has the advantages of high activity, good stability, wide application range and low cost.

The invention relates to a device, including: a channel including an inlet at a first end of the channel and an outlet at a second end of the channel; a cathode arranged in the channel, which cathode includes a first segment selected from titanium, stainless steel and titanium provided with a mixed metal oxide coating layer including ruthenium oxide and/or iridium oxide and a second segment including carbon, such as a carbon (felt) segment, arranged downstream of the first segment, an anode, arranged in the channel, selected from titanium or, stainless steel and titanium provided with a mixed metal oxide coating layer including ruthenium oxide and/or iridium oxide, which coating layer faces the cathode; and a power source electrically connected to the cathode and the anode. The invention further relates to a method for the production of chlorine dioxide.