An electrocoagulation unit that may include an outer shell, and a set of electrodes disposed therein. At least two electrodes are separated from an adjacent electrode by an electrode gap. The outer shell may further include a fluid inlet; a fluid outlet; a first busbar opening with a first busbar gland associated therewith.

An electrocoagulation unit that may include an outer shell, and a set of electrodes disposed within the inner housing. Each electrode is separated from an adjacent electrode by an electrode gap spacing. The outer shell may further include a fluid inlet; a fluid outlet; a first busbar opening with a first busbar gland associated therewith.

Apparatuses for the generation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from a water having a carbonate species are disclosed. The apparatus includes an anodic compartment having an anode disposed on a first side of the anodic compartment and a cathodic compartment having a cathode disposed on a first side of the cathodic compartment. The apparatus further includes a first cation permeable fluidic separator disposed on a second side of the anodic compartment and a second cation permeable fluidic separator disposed on a second side of the cationic compartment. A center compartment is defined between the first cation permeable fluidic separator and the second cation permeable fluidic separator. The apparatus further includes a flow control system configured to independently control flow of water through each of the anodic compartment, the cathodic compartment, and the center compartment. Methods of generating hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen from seawater using the apparatus are also disclosed.

A method of removing impurities using an electrochemical membrane apparatus comprising introducing a leaching solution into an electrochemical membrane reactor. The leaching solution of the electrochemical apparatus comprises copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, manganese, and nickel. The electrochemical membrane reactor comprises at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode, and the leaching solution is in contact with the at least one negative electrode. A current is applied through the electrochemical membrane reactor to adjust a pH of the leaching solution and copper is deposited on the at least one negative electrode. The aluminum and the iron are removed from the leaching solution, and the cobalt, the manganese, and the nickel are recovered from the leaching solution. An electrochemical membrane apparatus including an electrochemical membrane reactor is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a water treatment unit for improving the quality of water in a water system and a water treatment system comprising the water treatment unit. The water treatment unit comprises a housing comprising a container, a magnet, a sacrificial anode, and a filter element. The container has an inlet and an outlet configured to allow a flow of water into and out of the container. The magnet is configured to attract ferrous particles and retain the ferrous particles to remove the ferrous particles from the flow of water. The sacrificial anode is configured to provide cathodic protection and scavenge oxygen from the flow of water. The filter element is configured to remove detritus from the flow of water. The magnet, sacrificial anode, and filter element are located within the container.

A device (10) for capacitive deionization of an aqueous media containing dissolved ion species, said device comprising a cell with a first primary electrode (2) and a second primary electrode (3) arranged opposite the first primary electrode (2) and preferably separated by at least one non-conductive spacer (4, 4). A third electrode (7) is arranged between the first and the second electrode. The third electrode (7) is grounded whereas the first and the second electrodes are polarized versus the grounded third electrode.

A system and method for applying an advanced oxidation process to a UV fluid reactor. An L-shaped electrode is connected to a UV reactor hatch and inserted into the reactor upstream from a UV radiation source.

An electrode unit comprising: (a) an electrically non-conductive circumferential housing; (b) a current collector; (c) an electrode; (d) optionally a charge barrier; and (e) an electrically conductive connector in electrical contact with the current collector (b); wherein (b), (c) and (d) (when present) are located within the circumference of the circumferential housing (a); the main plane of the part of (e) which is located within the housing (a) is substantially parallel to the main plane of (b), (e) extends beyond the housing (a); and the area of the part of (e) which is located within the housing (a) is less than 30% of the area of (b). Also claimed are stacks, composites devices and their uses.

A method and apparatus are provided for cleaning a surface. In one example, the method includes passing a feed liquid from a liquid source to an electrolysis cell and inducing a current through the electrolysis cell to electrochemically activate the feed liquid in the electrolysis cell. Electrolysis of the feed liquid can generate an electrochemically-activated liquid that is super-saturated with dissolved gases (e.g., oxygen and/or hydrogen) and also contains nanobubbles. In one configuration, the electrolysis cell generates a concentration of nanobubbles having a diameter of 10 nm to 450 nm of at least 110.sup.6. The method can further involve dispensing at least one portion of the electrochemically-activated liquid to the surface.

A water electrolysis device for generating hydrogen gas includes a case, a power supplying unit, and an ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer. The case has a containing space including a bottom space and a top space. The bottom space is larger than the top space. The power supplying unit is configured in the bottom space for supplying power to operate the water electrolysis device. The ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer includes an ion-exchange membrane and a cathode, and the cathode generates hydrogen gas during which the ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer electrolyzes water.