A water electrolysis device for generating hydrogen gas includes a case, a power supplying unit, and an ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer. The case has a containing space including a bottom space and a top space. The bottom space is larger than the top space. The power supplying unit is configured in the bottom space for supplying power to operate the water electrolysis device. The ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer includes an ion-exchange membrane and a cathode, and the cathode generates hydrogen gas during which the ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer electrolyzes water.

A non-membrane deionization and ion-concentrating apparatus is connected to a power supply and includes a microfluidic channel, two current collectors and an electroactive material. The microfluidic channel is disposed between the two current collectors, and the power supply applies a voltage to the two current collectors. The electroactive material is coated and connected to at least one of the two current collectors, wherein the electroactive material has a reversible redox ability.

An electrochemical system has a first reservoir receiving a feed stream. The feed stream includes a solvent and a solute different than the salt. A second reservoir receives a brine stream with a higher salt concentration higher than the feed stream. Electrodes contact a loop of redox- active electrolyte material causing reversible redox reactions. The reactions cause the loop to accept a first ion from the salt in the first reservoir and drive a second ion into the brine stream in the second reservoir. Three ionic exchange membranes of alternating type define the first and second reservoirs. A concentrate stream is output from the first reservoir, the concentrate stream having a second solute concentration greater than the first solute concentration.

The present invention is directed to a method to prepare a graphene coated sponge comprising: filling mineral wool with a solution comprising graphene material by successive squeezing to obtain a mineral wool soaked with graphene material; transferring the mineral wool soaked with graphene material into a hydrothermal reactor and submitting it to heating from 60 to 240° C. for 5 minutes to 72 hours to have graphene material bonded to mineral wool and cleaning the heated material to remove the unbonded graphene material and reaction by-products from the graphene coated mineral wool. The present invention also relates to a graphene coated sponge obtained by the mentioned method and the use of such graphene sponge as water-treating agent.

A method and apparatus break down organic materials, typically contaminants, through oxidation. The method for the treatment of a volume of material, provides: a) introducing at least two electrodes into a location, the location containing the volume of material and the volume of material containing one or more species for treatment; b) providing connections between a voltage source and the at least two electrodes; c) applying a voltage of a first polarity to the connections for a first period of time, under the control of a voltage controller; d) applying a voltage of a second, reversed, polarity to the connections for a second period of time, under the control of the voltage controller; e) repeating steps c) and d) a plurality of times; preferably with steps c), d) and e) promoting oxidation of one or more of the one or more species for treatment.

The present invention concerns a water distribution and treatment system (1) comprising, in a housing (2), a hydraulic circuit comprising a connection inlet (31) to a water supply source and a connection outlet (32) to a water distribution device, the connection inlet and outlet being connected together via a solenoid valve (7) electrically connected to an electrical supply and control device (6), characterised in that it comprises a water electrolysis module (5) comprising at least one electrode, the electrolysis module being electrically connected to the supply and control device (6) and hydraulically connected to the connection inlet and outlet (31, 32).

The present disclosure includes arrangements, systems, and methods for removing mineral deposits. Disclosed is an aqueous solution within a container, with the container containing mineral deposits. The aqueous solution submerges the mineral deposits and may include at least one acid, or a combination of an organic acid and an inorganic acid in percentages that allow the replacement of toxic dangerous chemical ingredients. Disclosed also is a cathode and an anode within the container that are at least partially submerged within the aqueous solution. A direct current power source is configured to direct a voltage across the cathode and the anode to generate an electrical charge gradient within the aqueous solution.

A method for applying a polydimethylsiloxane coating having a thickness in the range of from about 35 nm to about 85 nm on a tissue sealing plate. The method includes: placing the electrically conductive component into a plasma deposition chamber; supplying an ionizable media into the plasma deposition chamber; igniting the ionizable media to generate a first plasma at a first power level to prepare the electrically conductive component to receive the coating; supplying the ionizable media and a precursor composition into the plasma deposition chamber; and igniting the ionizable media and the precursor composition to generate a second plasma at a second power level thereby forming the coating on the electrically conductive component.

Disclosed is an electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode, wherein the cathode comprises a surface layer which is repellent towards inorganic material. Such repellent layer may be employed to prevent formation of scale on an electrolytic cell. Also disclosed is an apparatus for cleaning seawater that employs such electrolytic cell, . and a system for injecting cleaned seawater into a hydrocarbon reservoir, wherein the system comprises tubing, an injection pump, and the seawater cleaning apparatus employing the disclosed electrolytic cell.

An apparatus for electrochemical activation may include an intake for an aqueous salt solution, a flow conduit structured to direct the aqueous salt solution through the apparatus comprising at least two electrodes spaced apart from each other within the flow conduit; a control module electrically coupled to the at least two electrodes, wherein the control module controls application of electricity to the at least two electrodes; and a sensor structured to measure a parameter of the aqueous salt solution and provide feedback to the control module to control an aspect of operation of the apparatus.